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Morphology and Structure of Bacteria

Morphology and Structure of Bacteria. Size and shape. Size microscope μ m Shape planktonic biofilm. Shape. coccus diplococcus streptococcus tetrads staphylococcus bacillus spiral bacterium vibrio helicobacterium. Structure.

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Morphology and Structure of Bacteria

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  1. Morphology and Structure of Bacteria

  2. Size and shape • Size microscope μm • Shape planktonic biofilm

  3. Shape • coccus diplococcus streptococcus tetrads staphylococcus • bacillus • spiral bacterium vibrio helicobacterium

  4. Structure • Basic structure cell wall, cellular membrane cytoplasm,nucleoid • Special structure capsule,flagellum,pilus,spore

  5. G+ cell wall • peptidoglycan • Gram positive，G+ PeptidoglycanN-acetyl-glucosamine N-acetylmuramic acid Tetrapeptide side chain Peptide cross-bridge

  6. G+ peptidoglycan

  7. Special component of G+ cell wall • teichoic acid wall teichoic acid membrane teichoic acid （lipoteichoic acid，LTA）

  8. G- cell wall

  9. G- cell wall • peptidoglycan • Gram negative，G- peptidogycan N-acetyl-glucosamine N-acetylmuramic acid tetrapeptide side chain） L-ala-D-glu-DAP-D-ala

  10. Special component of G- cell wall • outer membrane lipoprotein lipid-bilayer lipopolysaccharide，LPS lipid A core O antigen

  11. G- cell wall

  12. functions • Gives the bacterial shape and prevents osmotic lysis • Transports materials inside and outside of bacterium • Possesses antigenic specificity • Provides many pathogenic properties

  13. L form • Definition bacteria that their peptidoglycan is destroyed or lost by various factors but they can survive under highly osmotic environment • Grow only in high solute concentration • Colony is like fried-eggs. • accomplished through the use of the enzyme lysozyme • Type • Protoplast: G+ bacteria • Spheroplast: G- bacteria

  14. cell membrane • active transport • respiratory chain component • biosynthesis • excretion

  15. cell membrane • penicillin-binding protein（PBP） • type III secretion system • two-component signal transduction

  16. Important protein

  17. Important protein

  18. cytoplasm • ribosome • plasmid • mesosome • cytoplasm granule （inclusion）

  19. nuclear material • nucleoid • chromosome • Mostly single copy • Few repeated sequence

  20. Special structure • capsule • flagellum • pilus（fimbriae） • spore

  21. capsule

  22. function • anti-phagocytosis （invasiveness） • adherence • Resistant to harmful materials

  23. flagella

  24. flagella

  25. function • motility • H antigen • Pathogenesis • classfication and identification

  26. pilus • ordinary pili adherence pathogenecity • sex pili conjugation

  27. pilus

  28. spore

  29. Function • nutritional depletion • resting cell • resistance • identification • Standard for sterilization

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