Lingdi Zhao

1. China’s Energy Efficiency: Re-estimation Incorporating Human Capital and the Analysis of Its Distribution Dynamics Lingdi Zhao Feng Jian Economics School of Ocean University of China Singapore, June21, 2017

2. China’s Energy Efficiency: Re-estimation Incorporating Human Capital and the Analysis of Its Distribution Dynamics 3.1

3. 1. Introduction 3.1

4. 2. Methodology SBM-Undesirable output model • Production technology: 2. Weak disposability and null-jointness hypothesis 3.1 3. Production possibility set

5. 2. Methodology 4. Linear programming solution 3.1

6. 3. Variables Input variables Output variables SBM-Undesirable 1.Capital stock （K） 2.Energy （E） 3.Human capital stock/ Number of employees （L） 1.Desirable output: GDP（G） 2.Undesirable output: CO2(C) Total Factor Energy Efficiency

7. 4. Resultsand discussions Table1. MEPI (human capital stock as labor input)

8. 4. Resultsand discussions Table 2.TEPI (the number of employees as labor input)

9. 4. Resultsand discussions Fig. 1 Comparison of performance indicators with MEPI and TEPI

10. 4. Resultsand discussions

11. 4. Resultsand discussions

12. 5. Conclusion

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