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Lymphocyte Development and Antigen Receptor Gene Rearrangement

Lymphocyte Development and Antigen Receptor Gene Rearrangement. Chapter 8. Stages of lymphocyte maturation. Pluripotent stem cells give rise to distinct B and T lineages. Epigenetics, MicroRNAs, and Lymphocyte Development.

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Lymphocyte Development and Antigen Receptor Gene Rearrangement

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  1. Lymphocyte Development andAntigen Receptor Gene Rearrangement Chapter 8

  2. Stages of lymphocyte maturation

  3. Pluripotent stem cells give rise to distinct B and T lineages

  4. Epigenetics, MicroRNAs, and Lymphocyte Development • Many nuclear events in lymphocyte development are regulated by epigenetic mechanisms • Epigenetics refers to mechanisms that control gene expression (as well as gene rearrangement in developing lymphocytes) that go beyond the actual sequence of DNA in individual genes • The mechanisms that make genes available or unavailable in chromatin are considered to be epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation on certain cytosine residues that generally silences genes, post-translational modifications of the histone tails of nucleosomes (e.g., acetylation, methylation, and ubiquitination

  5. Checkpoints in lymphocyte maturation

  6. Positive and negativeselection during lymphocyte maturation

  7. REARRANGEMENT OF ANTIGEN RECEPTOR GENES IN B AND T LYMPHOCYTES

  8. Germline organization of human Ig loci

  9. Domains of Ig and TCR proteins[V(D)J Recombination]

  10. Germline organization of human TCR loci

  11. Diversity of antigen receptor genes

  12. V(D)J recombination

  13. Transcriptional regulation of Ig genes

  14. Sequential events during V(D)J recombination

  15. Junctional Diversity

  16. B LYMPHOCYTE DEVELOPMENT

  17. Stages of B cell Maturation

  18. Igheavy and light chain gene recombination and expression

  19. Pre-B cell and pre-T cell receptors

  20. B lymphocyte subsets

  21. Co-expression of IgM and IgD

  22. MATURATION OF T LYMPHOCYTES

  23. Stages of T cell maturation

  24. Maturation of T cells in the Thymus

  25. TCR α and β chain gene recombination and expression

  26. CD4 and CD8 expression on thymocytes and positive selection of T cells in the thymus

  27. γδ T Lymphocytes • In fetal thymuses, the first TCR gene rearrangements involve the γ and δ loci • The diversity of the γδ T cell repertoire is theoretically even greater than that of the αβ T cell repertoire • Paradoxically, however, the actual diversity of expressed γδ TCRs is limited because only a few of the available V, D, and J segments are used in mature γδ T cells, for unknown reasons

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