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Colonial America: Exploration and Settlements 1565-1750

Explore the early colonial history of America, from Spanish, French, Dutch, and English claims to the establishment of the Thirteen Colonies. Learn about key events, figures, and conflicts that shaped the diverse colonial landscape. Discover the three types of colonies and their distinctive characteristics, including Virginia's tobacco industry, New England's Puritan society, and the economic ties of the Southern Colonies. Uncover the roots of colonial self-rule and the development of representative governments.

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Colonial America: Exploration and Settlements 1565-1750

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  1. Colonial America 1565-1750

  2. Spanish claims • Conquistadores sought gold • Spanish crown institutes encomienda system • North American settlements: • Florida • New Mexico • Texas • California

  3. French Claims • 1608 Quebec • Samuel de Champlain “Father of New France” • Louisiana territory • Sought converts to Catholicism and fur trading (led to better relations to Native Americans)

  4. Dutch Claims • 1609 Henry Hudson explores northeast • New Amsterdam (later named New York) • Dutch West India Company

  5. English claims • 1497 John Cabot explores Newfoundland • 1570s Sir Francis Drake – attacked Spanish ships, seized gold • 1587 Sir Walter Raleigh – Roanoke “Lost Colony”

  6. The Thirteen Colonies • New England • Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire • Middle • New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware • Chesapeake • Virginia and Maryland • Southern • North and South Carolina, Georgia

  7. Three types of colonies • Corporate – Joint-Stock Companies • Royal – under direct authority of the king’s government • Proprietary – under authority of individuals granted by the king

  8. Virginia • 1607 – Jamestown first permanent settlement • John Rolfe – tobacco • Powhatan – Pocahontas • 1619 House of Burgesses – first representative government • 1619 – first Africans arrive

  9. Massachusetts • 1620 Plymouth • Pilgrims – Separatists • Mayflower Compact • 1630 Massachusetts Bay • Puritans • John Winthrop • Great Migration • Conflicts with Natives • Pequot War • Metacom’s War

  10. Maryland • 1632 Virginia Colony split by king • Lord Baltimore – proprietor • Act of Toleration 1649 – religious freedom • Tobacco

  11. Rhode Island • Roger Williams – Providence • Recognize rights of Native Americans • Religious tolerance • Anne Hutchinson – Portsmouth • 1644 join into one colony

  12. Connecticut • Reverend Thomas Hooker – Hartford • Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639) – established representative government

  13. New Hampshire • 1679 King Charles II splits Massachusetts Bay to gain more control

  14. North & South Carolina • North – Tobacco farmers from Virginia • South – planters from West Indies brought the plantation system (rice & indigo) and slavery • 1712 – North and South Carolina become separate colonies

  15. New York • Dutch – New Amsterdam • 1664 James II (king’s brother and future king) sends force • Didn’t allow local government – first opposition to taxation without representation • 1683 – win representation

  16. New Jersey • 1664 James splits NY • 1702 NJ combined to eliminate property disputes

  17. Pennsylvania • 1681 • William Penn – Quaker • Freedom of worship • Good relations with Native Americans

  18. Delaware • 1702 Penn gives lower Pennsylvania their own assemblies

  19. Georgia • 1732 • Defensive border • Jailed debtors • James Ogelthorpe

  20. New England Colonies • Rocky soil and short growing season • Fishing, whaling, lumbering, and ship building • Strong Puritan Religion • Family units

  21. Middle Colonies • Rivers linked the coast with the interior. • Philadelphia and New York were port cities • Breadbasket colonies – cash crops like wheat, barley, and rye

  22. Chesapeake & Southern Colonies • Close economic ties with the “Mother Country” • Excellent soil and a long growing season • Headright system • Plantations grew tobacco, rice, and indigo using slave labor.

  23. Roots of colonial self-rule • House of Burgesses (Virginia 1619) • Mayflower Compact (Plymouth 1620) • Massachusetts General Court • Voting initially based on church membership, then property ownership • Town Meetings • Fundamental Orders of Connecticut –First written constitution • Act of Toleration (Maryland 1649) • Salutary Neglect

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