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High Definition in the Archive Domain

Joint Technical Symposium - 2010. High Definition in the Archive Domain. 01. Introduction – HDTV some key points. 720 pixels per line 576 Active lines ( from 200 000 to 400 000 pixels). 1280 or 1920 pixels per line 720 or 1080 active lines ( from 900 000

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High Definition in the Archive Domain

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  1. Joint Technical Symposium - 2010 High Definition in the Archive Domain

  2. 01 Introduction – HDTV some key points

  3. 720 pixels per line 576 Active lines ( from 200 000 to 400 000 pixels) 1280 or 1920 pixels per line 720 or 1080 active lines ( from 900 000 to 2 000 000 pixels) Image definition SD HD Audio Mono or Stereo Sound 5.1 Digital Dolby 6 tracks Aspect ratio 4/3 or 16/9 16/9 Scanning Interleaved (i) 50 or 60 Hz Interleaved ( i) Progressive (p) Progressive Segmented Frame (PSF) 50 , 60 ,24 Hz A quick comparison HD/SD • Offer better and more attractive programmes to the viewer. It is done through: • A better picture resolution allowing a new viewing distance (3H versus 6H) • A better sound quality : 5.1 versus mono or stereo • A 16/9 aspect ratio wide screen versus 4/3 • More scanning modes: Progressive or interleaved versus interleaved. HD in the Archive Domain |May 5, 2010

  4. Formats are described by: Number of active pixels per line Number of active lines per frame Frame rates Scanning mode Picture aspect ratio 1080 60 16/9 interleaved 1920 59,94 720 progressive 1440 30 psf 1280 29,97 25 24 23,98 HDTV formats • International formats and standards are well defined and adopted but they are numerous: HD in the Archive Domain |May 5, 2010

  5. 1920x1080i 1280x720p at 50i,60i,25p,25 psf,30p,30 psf,50p and 60 p) and (24 p and 24 psf) Going from one format to another requires cross conversion. Calculation of pixels and lines Frame rate conversion Interleave or de-interleave HDTV formats and standards • Most popular formats are: HD in the Archive Domain |May 5, 2010

  6. But there are as many practices as televisions…. • There is a great variety of formats and compressions used in production postproduction and broadcast. • The production standard for TV programs is not necessarily the same as the broadcast standard • Though “labelled HD”, The “real quality” may vary in a wide range. HD in the Archive Domain |May 5, 2010

  7. HD shooting Low end solutions Broadcast solutions High quality capture HDV MPEG2 25Mb/s long GOP 6 or 12 Sony’s HDXDCAM MPEG2 422 up to 50Mb/s on 50GBoptical disk HDCAM SR up to 880Mb/s in high speed mode on tape AVCHD H264 21Mb/s long GOP Panasonic’s DVCPRO HD AVC intra up to 100Mb/s on 64 GB P2 cards Sony’s’ XDCAM EX MPEG2 up to 35 Mb/s on 32 GB SxS cards Grass Valley Infinity JPEG2000 up to 100 Mb/s on Hard drive A wide range of shooting solutions and quality HD in the Archive Domain |May 5, 2010

  8. HD compressions MPEG2 HD DV HD H264 HD MJPEG JPEG2000 DVC pro HD DNx (AVID) Pro res (Apple) Main used compression types HD in the Archive Domain |May 5, 2010

  9. JPEG2000 AVC-Intra DPX D10 Most used compression schemes Shooting Post Production Play out Broadcast Archiving MPEG2 HD long GOP MPEG2 HD short GOP DV HD AVC long GOP AVC intra Base band 1,5GB/s MPEG2 HD : up to 300Mb/s DV HD up to 100Mb/s Proprietary formats: Pro Res (Apple) DNx (Avid) Others... MPEG2 HD 20 to 80Mb/s MPEG2 HD 15 to 20Mb/s H264 8 to 16Mb/s ? HD in the Archive Domain |May 5, 2010

  10. 02 The Challenges

  11. The challenges • More and more televisions are producing and broadcasting HDTV. • The ratio of SD programmes versus HD programmes is decreasing rapidly • Archivists must face and manage 2 new challenges: How to collect, store and make accessible these new HD digital programmes? How could SD archives be re-used in a HD environment? and HD in the Archive Domain |May 5, 2010

  12. High definition video (uncompressed) 1980 pixels 1080 lines JPEG2000 1- hour programme file size : from 374 GB to 673 GB* according to frame rates AVC-Intra DPX D10 Standard definition video (uncompressed) 720 pixels 576 lines 1- hour programme file size : 72 GB Archiving HD To archive HD, Compression “could” be required. ? ? ? ? HD in the Archive Domain |May 5, 2010 ?

  13. Using SD in HD programs Sometimes, archivists have already digitised their original analogue archives in SD. Questions … How could these SD preservation masters be used and match the quality requirements of HDTV? When will we need to reuse original media? What kind of process do we need,to try to match HD quality requirements? HD in the Archive Domain |May 5, 2010

  14. SD video program Up conversion HD program SD telecine Up conversion Film programs 16/S16/35 mm HD program ? HD telecine Using SD in HD programs : video and film archives... HD in the Archive Domain |May 5, 2010

  15. Using SD in HD programs : About up conversion... The quality of the HD output depends very much on the quality of up conversion. The main functions that an up converter must achieve, are: Calculation of missing pixels and lines Frame rate conversion Resizing Interleaving or de-interleaving Frame rate conversion (cross conversion) could also degrade the picture. HD in the Archive Domain |May 5, 2010

  16. Zoom,and stretching Using SD in HD programs : About resizing... There are several possibilities to show 4/3 pictures in 16/9 programs ? HD in the Archive Domain |May 5, 2010

  17. 03 Current practices

  18. The questionnaire • In 2009 a short questionnaire about HDTV current practices has been sent to FIAT/IFTA members. • This questionnaire has 4 chapters: • 1-General information and current situation about HD of the company or television. • 2-Technical information about formats and standards used in the company for : • shooting • production and post production • Mastering • broadcasting • 3-HD programs archiving • Volumes, media ,storage • expected evolutions or plans in the company about HD archiving? • 4-Use of SD archives in HD programs. HD in the Archive Domain |May 5, 2010

  19. The questionnaire • 12 companies have answered to the questionnaire: • Sound and Vision National Dutch Broadcast archives for Public Broadcast • ORF Austrian Broadcasting Corporation • SBS Korea • TFO French educational channel Toronto (Canada) • Televisio de Catalunya TVC (Spain) • CBS News • TSR Télévision Suisse Romande • SVT • CBC radio Canada • NBC news /NBC universal • NHK • CCTV HD in the Archive Domain |May 5, 2010

  20. Production: from shooting to broadcasting • It seems that shooting full HD is predominant • Almost all televisions use all formats and shooting solutions : • Most used media are HDCAM HDXDCAM and DVCPro HD • For postproduction, most of the companies use • AVID DNx file format either 120 or 185. • For mastering HDCAM/HDCAM SR is preferred • MPEG2 broadcasting is still far ahead compared to H264. HD in the Archive Domain |May 5, 2010

  21. Archiving • Most companies archive original format on the shelves, but most of them intend to go file • MPEG2 HD seems to be the file format in use (or most expected) • H264 HD seems too young to be considered as a file format for archives • JPEG2000 that is standardised for digital cinema, is not well known and considered in televisions. HD in the Archive Domain |May 5, 2010

  22. 4/3 use policy • Generally televisions perform up conversion indoor while independent archivists prefer to let end users to achieve the transformation. • The use of pillar box presentation has the preference of the televisions and archivists. • When the choice is made by the end user, any kind of transform may happen…. HD in the Archive Domain |May 5, 2010

  23. 04 Our projects …..

  24. From our archives (SD) ….. • We have now 450 000 hours of digitalized videos, mainly on the MPEG2 (8 Mb/s) format. • Fortunatly we went through a phase of dubbing on numeric Betacam, and we store hundreds thousands of numeric tapes. • The goal is to transfert the tape on files : • To enable an easy use of archives • To enable an easy use of upscaling and restoration for video and film • (… with some new HD transfert for the 35 mm film) • But we want to forget the tape without regrets … HD in the Archive Domain |May 5, 2010

  25. From our archives (SD) ….. A new format • We want a new format • With complete specifications and documentation • Without impact of Patents (preferably) We store the national heritage! • With a very hight quality • IntraFrame, 4:2:2, 10 bits, 8 audio channels etc • From 50 Mb/s to 100 Mb/s or more • This year we build a model to help us make the choice between : • Several competitors AVC-Intra, D10, DPX and … JPEG2000 • For our SD archives and for the new incoming HD programs. HD in the Archive Domain |May 5, 2010

  26. Model ... DV, MPEG HD, H264, DNx On demand ! Clipping Transcoding Upscaling Restitution SDI/HDSDI STORAGE Tape Library Scalar 10K LTO 5 HSM Encoding in « NewFormat » wrapping in MXF HDCAM HDCAM SR SDI x N Encoding in « NewFormat » wrapping in MXF Betacam Numeric Beta Clipping Transcoding Upscaling Restitution FTP SDI x N Encoding or Transcoding in « NewFormat » wrapping in MXF Serveur NAS Files Public TV Transcoding H264 Proxy SAN HD in the Archive Domain |May 5, 2010

  27. Thank you for your attention pgerrier@ina.fr HD in the Archive Domain |May 5, 2010

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