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Russia and Japan: Industrialization Outside the West

27. Russia and Japan: Industrialization Outside the West. Russia and Japan. Russia's Reforms and Industrial Advance Protest and Revolution in Russia Japan: Transformation without Revolution. Russia and Japan. Russia's Reforms and Industrial Advance.

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Russia and Japan: Industrialization Outside the West

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  1. 27 Russia and Japan: Industrialization Outside the West

  2. Russia and Japan • Russia's Reforms and Industrial Advance • Protest and Revolution in Russia • Japan: Transformation without Revolution

  3. Russia and Japan

  4. Russia's Reforms and Industrial Advance • 1861, Russia begins social, political reform

  5. Russia before Reform • Anti-Westernization backlash • Following Napoleon's invasion, 1812 • Decembrist revolt, 1825 • Suppressed by Nicholas I • Russia avoids revolutions of 1830, 1848

  6. Economic and Social Problems • The Peasant Question • Crimean War (1854-1856) • Defeat by industrial powers • Alexander II turns to industrialization

  7. Russian Expansion, 1815-1914

  8. The Reform Era and Early Industrialization • 1861, emancipation of serfs • Forced to buy lands • Productivity stagnant • Alexander II • Reforms of 1860s, 1870s • Zemstvoes • Military reform • Some educational reform

  9. The Reform Era and Early Industrialization • Industrialization • Railways • Pacific reached, 1880s • Siberia opened to development • Factories, 1880s • Count Witte, 1892-1903 • High tariffs • Banking system improved • Western investment sought

  10. Protest and Revolution in Russia • The Road to Revolution • Ethnic minorities • Demands • Peasants • Famine, taxes • Anarchists • Fail to win peasant support • Suppressed

  11. Protest and Revolution in Russia • The Road to Revolution • 1881, Alexander II assassinated • New ideas • Marxist socialism • Lenin (Vladimir Ilych Ulyanov)

  12. Protest and Revolution in Russia • The Revolution of 1905 • Expansion continues • Ottomans pushed back, 1870s • New Slavic nations created • Into Manchuria • Defeated in Russo-Japanese war, 1904-05 • Revolution, 1905

  13. Protest and Revolution in Russia • The Revolution of 1905 • Duma created • Minister Stolypin • Agrarian reforms

  14. Russia and Eastern Europe • Other nations follow Russia • Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Bulgaria, GreeceParliaments • End to serfdom • Some industrialization • Cultural revival • Turgenev, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy • Tchaikovsky, Chopin, Liszt • Mendel, Pavlov

  15. Japan: Transformation without Revolution • The Final Decades of the Shogunate • Shogonate • Alliance with daimyos, samurai • Culture under the Tokugawa • Thriving • Neo-Confucianism • Variety of schools • By 1850s • Economy slowing • Rural riots

  16. The Challenge to Isolation • Commander Matthew Perry • 1853, Japanese ports forced to open • Shogunate bureaucrats • Open doors reluctantly • Others want to end isolation • Conservative daimyos for isolation

  17. The Challenge to Isolation • Unrest • 1868, shogunate defeated • Meiji restoration • Emperor Mutsuhito (Meiji)

  18. Industrial and Political Change in the Meiji State • Feudalism ended • Appointed prefects from 1871 • State expanded • Samurai officials to United States • Study, promote change • 1873-1876, samurai class abolished • Some find new roles • Iwasaki Yataro: Mitsubishi

  19. Industrial and Political Change in the Meiji State • Political reorganization • Constitution, 1889 • House of Peers • Diet, lower house

  20. The Russo-Japanese War

  21. Japan's Industrial Revolution • Westernization in other areas • Military • Banks • Railways, steamships • Tariffs, guilds removed • Ministry of Industry,1870 • Model factories • Zaibatsu, 1890s • Industrial combines

  22. Social and Diplomatic Effects of Industrialization • Population increase • Culture • Universal education • Western dress adopted • Conversion to Christianity limited • Shintoism attracts new followers

  23. Social and Diplomatic Effects of Industrialization • Need for raw materials • War with China over Korea, 1894-1895 • Alliance with Britain, 1902 • War with Russia, 1904 • Korea annexed, 1910

  24. The Strain of Modernization • Inter-generational debate • Nationalism • Emperor worship

  25. Japanese Colonial Expansion to 1914

  26. Global Connections:Russia and Japan in the World • Russia increasingly involved in western European affairs • Also in eastern Asia • Japan • Strongly industrialized • Comes into conflict with China and Russia • Raises fears in the west of Japanese aggression

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