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The Home Front: Contributions and Challenges in WWII

Explore the pivotal role of the home front in contributing to WWII and the challenges faced, including rationing, victory gardens, war bonds, mobilization, and Japanese internment.

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The Home Front: Contributions and Challenges in WWII

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  1. Warm Up • Why was the Battle of Midway a turning point in the Pacific?

  2. Students will explain the role of the home front in contributing to WWII.

  3. WWII- Pt 5 The Home Front and Japanese Internment

  4. The Home Front • Home front- activity carried out to support the war effort back in the US

  5. The Home Front • Things we did to help out the war effort on the home front: • Rationing – items were rationed b/c the military needed them (rubber, nylon, gasoline, food) • Ration- Limited quantities only at certain times • Sold for specific prices so no price gouging

  6. The Home Front • Grew “Victory Gardens” for fresh produce- grow your own food so more can go to the troops and help us win

  7. War Bonds –help pay for the war; encouraged to buy (like during WWI) • Government sells to people, use money to pay for war; people sell back to gov later to get money plus interest back • $186 billion was raised from bonds • Volunteering popular to help war effort

  8. In what ways did ordinary Americans contribute to the war effort?

  9. FDR on the Home Front • FDR created offices and laws that helped US quickly get ready for war • Selective Training and Service Act –first peacetime draft; for men 21 to 36 • Office of War Mobilization –handled war production- weapons, tanks, ships, planes

  10. FDR on the Home Front • Office of Price Management –prevent inflation and controlled certain goods- oversaw rationing programs

  11. FDR on the Home Front • FDR used deficit spending (spending money you don’t have) to pay for war

  12. Mobilization and Military Enlistment • Mobilization – getting ready for war in terms of military preparation • We started mobilizing before we were in the war- started making weapons, drafting and training soldiers- created a lot of jobs • War economy ended the Great Depression • Production of ships, tanks, aircrafts, etc. created millions of jobs • Unemployment dropped to 1% • 16 million Americans served in armed forces • 11 mill drafted • 25,k Native Americans; • 300,k Mexican Americans; • 1 mil African American; • 350,k women

  13. What economic effects did World War II have on the American home front?

  14. OWI • Office of War Information (OWI) handled war information • Released war-related news • Used propaganda posters and radio broadcasts to promote patriotism • Warned about foreign spies • Recruited women into war work • Also did overseas propaganda

  15. GI Bill • The GI Bill- Law that paid to send former soldiers to college • Official Name- Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944 • GI = Government issued; Slang for soldier- like GI Joe • Passed it to avoid an economic downturn after WWII • Didn’t want high unemployment when all the soldiers came home • Paid for over 8 mill WWII veterans to go to school • Also gave $16 billion in loans to veterans • For homes, farms, or small businesses

  16. Scientific Advances • Charles R. Drew – African-American doctor • Research in blood transfusions • Led to blood banks and blood storage • Saved thousands of lives during WWII

  17. US Propaganda

  18. Japanese Internment

  19. Japanese Internment • Executive Order 9066- Law signed by Roosevelt after Pearl Harbor that sent Japanese -Americans on the west coast to concentration camps or internment camps • Also included German and Italians • But fewer of them were interned

  20. Japanese Internment • Thought Jap-Am were national security threats- might help Japan against the US • 1000s of families were forced to leave homes, businesses and property; relocated into camps • Asked loyalty questions; if deemed loyal they could leave • Japanese were told it was for their own safety

  21. Do you think that it is legal to restrict citizens/residents for national security even if they haven’t done anything wrong? Why or why not?

  22. Challenges • Legal challenges to internment heard by the Supreme Court • Court ruled (Korematsu v. U.S) that internment was constitutional • Official apology offered by U.S. government (1988) to survivors of the camps because it violated the 4th (houses were searched) and 14th amendments (citizens’ rights can’t be taken away) • Reparation payments were made • Also included German and Italians, but fewer of them were interned

  23. STAAR Practice The government issued ration books during WWII in order to • provide financial security for uninsured citizens • safeguard the profits of struggling businesses • ensure the fair distribution of scarce goods • allow consumers to buy imported goods at discounted rates

  24. STAAR Practice The government issued ration books during WWII in order to • provide financial security for uninsured citizens • safeguard the profits of struggling businesses • ensure the fair distribution of scarce goods • allow consumers to buy imported goods at discounted rates

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