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Networking Topologies and Wiring Standards

Learn about different network topologies, connectors, and wiring standards. Understand how to troubleshoot and resolve common WAN issues. Deploy the appropriate wired connectivity standard.

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Networking Topologies and Wiring Standards

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  1. Click to edit Master subtitle style Chapter 3: Networking Topologies, Connectors and Wiring Standards

  2. Chapter 3: Objectives • 1.0 Network architecture • 1.5 Install and properly terminate various cable types and connectors using appropriate tools • • Copper connectors • o RJ-11 • o RJ-45 • o RJ-48C • o DB-9/RS-232 • o DB-25 • o UTP coupler • o BNC coupler • o BNC • o F-connector • o 110 block • o 66 block 2

  3. Chapter 3: Objectives • • Copper cables • o Shielded vs unshielded • o CAT3, CAT5, CAT5e, CAT6, CAT6a • o PVC vs plenum • o RG-59 • o RG-6 • o Straight-through vs crossover vs rollover • • Fiber connectors • o ST • o SC • o LC • o MTRJ • o FC • o Fiber coupler 3

  4. Chapter 3: Objectives • • Fiber cables • o Single mode • o Multimode • o APC vs UPC • • Media converters • o Single mode fiber to Ethernet • o Multimode fiber to Ethernet • o Fiber to coaxial • o Single mode to multimode fiber • 4.8 Given a scenario, troubleshoot and resolve common WAN issues • • Customer premise equipment • o Smart jack/NIU • o Demarc • o CSU/DSU • 5.0 Industry standards, practices, and network theory • 5.4 Given a scenario, deploy the appropriate wired connectivity standard • • Wiring standards • o EIA/TIA 568A/568B 4

  5. Physical Media Let’s take a look at the three types of popular cables used in modern networking designs: • Coaxial • Twisted pair • Fiber optic 5

  6. Coax • Coaxial cable, referred to as coax, contains a center conductor made of copper that’s surrounded by a plastic jacket with a braided shield over it. • A plastic such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC, commonly known as Teflon) covers this metal shield. • The Teflon-type covering is frequently referred to as a plenum-rated coating, and it’s often mandated by local or municipal fire code when cable is hidden in walls and ceilings. 6

  7. Thinnet Coax 7

  8. BNC Connectors 8

  9. Twisted-Pair Cable • Twisted-pair cable consists of multiple individually insulated wires that are twisted together in pairs. • Sometimes a metallic shield is placed around them; hence the name shielded twisted-pair (STP). • Cable without outer shielding is called unshielded twisted-pair (UTP), and it’s used in twisted-pair Ethernet (10Base-T, 100Base-TX, 1000Base-TX) networks. • So why are the wires in this cable type twisted? Because when electromagnetic signals are conducted on copper wires in close proximity—like inside a cable—it causes interference called crosstalk. Twisting two wires together as a pair minimizes interference and even protects against interference from outside sources. 9

  10. Unshielded Twisted-pair This cable type is the most common today for the following reasons: • It’s cheaper than other types of cabling. • It’s easy to work with. • It allows transmission rates that were impossible 10 years ago. • UTP cable is rated in these categories: • Cat1 • Cat2 • Cat3 • Cat4 • Cat5 • Cat5e • cat6 10

  11. Cat 5e UTP Cable 11

  12. RJ Connectors 12

  13. Chapter 3 The pin-outs in an RJ-45 connectorFigure 3.5

  14. Fiber Optic • Because fiber-optic cable transmits digital signals using light impulses rather than electricity, it’s immune to EMI and RFI. • The cable itself comes in either single-mode fiber (SMF) or multimode fiber (MMF); the difference between them is in the number of light rays (the number of signals) they can carry. Multimode fiber is most often used for shorter-distance applications and single-mode fiber for spanning longer distances. 14

  15. Fiber Optic Although fiber-optic cable may sound like the solution to many problems, it has pros and cons just like the other cable types. Here are the pros: • Is completely immune to EMI and RFI • Can transmit up to 40 kilometers (about 25 miles) And here are the cons: • Is difficult to install • Is more expensive then twisted-pair • Troubleshooting equipment is more expensive then twisted-pair test equipment • Is harder to troubleshoot 15

  16. Figure 3.6

  17. Figure 3.7

  18. ST Connector Examples 18

  19. SC Connector Examples 19

  20. MT-RJ and LC Fiber Connectors 20

  21. Media Converters

  22. Media Converters (Cont.)

  23. Chapter 3 An RS-232 cable endFigure 3.16

  24. Universal Serial Bus

  25. Cable Properties Transmission Speeds Distance Duplex Noise Immunity (Security, EMI) Frequency

  26. Wiring Standards There are different types of Ethernet wiring standards available: • Straight-through cable (568A) • Crossover cable (568B) • Rolled cable (rollover) • Hardware loopback 26

  27. Chapter 3 568A wired standardFigure 3.19

  28. Chapter 3 568B wired standardFigure 3.20

  29. Straight-through Ethernet Cable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 29

  30. Crossover Cable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 30

  31. Chapter 3 An inexpensive cable testerFigure 3.23

  32. Gigabit crossover cableFigure 3.24

  33. Rollover/Rolled Cable 33

  34. Serial Cables

  35. T1 Crossover Cable T568B T1 crossover cable 35

  36. c03uf001.eps Switch Switch ?

  37. c03uf002.eps Router Console

  38. Installing Wiring Distributions • MDF/IDF • 25 Pair • 110 Block • Demarc/Demarc Extension • Smart Jack 38

  39. Figure 3.27: 110 block

  40. Summary • Summary • Exam Essentials Section • Written Labs • Review Questions 40

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