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Learn to analyze & interpret output of essential troubleshooting tools including command line utilities and protocol analyzers.

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  1. Click to edit Master subtitle style Chapter 17: Troubleshooting Tools

  2. Chapter 17 Objectives • The Following CompTIA Network+ Exam Objectives Are Covered in This Chapter: • 4.2 Given a scenario, analyze and interpret the output of troubleshooting tools • • Command line tools • o ipconfig • o netstat • o ifconfig • o ping/ping6/ping -6 • o tracert/tracert -6/traceroute6/traceroute -6 • o nbtstat • o nslookup • o arp • o mac address lookup table • o pathping 2

  3. Protocol Analyzers Used to capture packets in their raw format as they cross the network. 3

  4. Throughput Testers Work much like a protocol analyzer in that they measure the traffic seen on the network and can also classify the types of traffic that are eating up bandwidth 4

  5. Connectivity Software Designed to allow you to make a connection to the machine, see the desktop, and perform any action you could perform if you were sitting in front of it. 5

  6. Command Line Tools Most of us are running Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Version 4 on our networks these days so we absolutely need a way to test IP connectivity. We also need be able to test and verify IPv6 networks. Several utilities to verify TCP/IP function on Windows workstations for both IPv4 and IPv6 The utilities are fairly platform independent and most of them can now use both IPv4 and IPv6. 6

  7. Command Line Tools • traceroute / tracert • Traceroute (trace for short) displays the path a packet takes to get to a remote device by using • Time-To-Live (TTL) • Time-outs • Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) error messages 7

  8. Command Line Tools • ipconfig and ifconfig • The utilities known as ipconfig (in Windows), and ifconfig (in Unix/Linux/Mac) will display the current configuration of TCP/IP on a given workstation • Current IP address • DNS configuration • Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS) configuration • Default gateway 8

  9. Command Line Tools • IPConfig Options • Ipconfig /all • Ipconfig /release • Ipconfig /renew • To release your current DHCP TCP/IP information in Vista, you must elevate your command prompt 9

  10. Command Line Tools • The ping Utility • Ping is the most basic TCP/IP utility, and it’s included with most TCP/IP stacks for most platforms. • In most cases, ping is a command-line utility, although there are many GUI implementations available. • You use the ping utility for two primary purposes: • To find out if a host is responding • To find out if you can reach a host 10

  11. Command Line Tools • Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) • The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is part of the TCP/IP protocol stack. • Uses broadcasts to translate TCP/IP addresses to MAC addresses. • The ARP table in Windows includes a list of TCP/IP addresses and their associated physical (MAC) addresses. • The ARP table contains two kinds of entries: • Dynamic • Static • The arp Utility (using “arp –a”) 11

  12. Command Line Tools • The nslookup Utility • A command-line utility that allows you to perform a single DNS lookup for a specific entity. • The nslookup utility comes with Windows NT and later, as well as most versions of Unix and Linux, but not with Windows 95/98. • It is run from a Windows command prompt. • At the command prompt, you can start the nslookup utility by typing nslookup and pressing <enter>. 12

  13. Command Line Tools • The Mtr Command • Mtr or My traceroute is a computer program that combines the functions of the traceroute and ping utilities in a single network diagnostic tool. • Mtr is great if you have Linux or Unix, but by default, it’s not installed on Windows devices. • Third-party applications of Mtr are available to install on Windows • Microsoft includes its own version of Mtr called pathping 13

  14. Command Line Tools • The Route Command • The route command is used to employ both static and default routing on Windows Vista and Server 2008 14

  15. Command Line Tools • The nbtstat Utility • Microsoft Windows uses an interface called Network Basic Input/Output System (NetBIOS) relating names with workstations • It is an upper-layer interface that requires a transport protocol—usually, TCP/IP, but IPv6 can be used as well. • Deploying the nbtstat utility will achieve these three important things: • Track NetBIOS over TCP/IP statistics • Show the details of incoming and outgoing NetBIOS over TCP/IP connections • Resolve NetBIOS names 15

  16. NBTStat The nbtstat –a command: 16

  17. NBTStat The nbtstat –c command: 17

  18. NBTStat The nbtstat –n command: 18

  19. NBTStat The nbtstat –r command: 19

  20. NBTStat • The nbtstat –s command: The nbtstat –s command produces the same output as nbtstat –S except it will also attempt to resolve remote-host IP addresses into host names. The nbtstat –S command: 20

  21. Command Line Tools • The netstat Utility • netstat is a great way to check out the inbound and outbound TCP/IP connections on your machine. • Packet statistics like how many packets have been sent and received, the number of errors, etc. can be viewed. 21

  22. NetStat The netstat –a command: 22

  23. Command Line Tools • To display a list of all the commands you can use at the ftp command prompt, type help or ? and press <Enter> • File Transfer Protocol (FTP) • FTP has become a cross-platform protocol for transferring files. • Windows TCP/IP stack includes a command-line ftp utility. • To start the ftp utility, enter ftp at a command prompt. • The result is an ftp command prompt: 23

  24. Command Line Tools • The Telnet Utility • Part of the TCP/IP protocol suite, • Telnet is a Terminal Emulation program designed to be used over the network • telnet allows you to make connections to remote devices, gather information, and run programs. • Telnet was originally developed to open terminal sessions from Unix workstations to Unix servers. 24

  25. Command Line Tools • Don’t Use Telnet, Use Secure Shell (SSH) • Telnet is totally unsecure • Telnet sends all data in clear text including your name and password. • It has to be really bad thing these days; consider Microsoft doesn’t even enable it on their latest Oss(you know it really must be unsecure) • SSH is the tool to use. • SSH provides the same options as Telnet, plus a lot more • It doesn’t send any data in clear text • Your servers, routers, and other devices need to be enabled with SSH. • SSH is not configured by default on most devices. 25

  26. Summary Summary Exam Essentials Section Written Labs Review Questions 26

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