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Kingdom Fungi

Kingdom Fungi. Include yeasts ,moulds, and mushrooms. Non photosynthetic plantlike organisms. Most fungi are saprobes (decomposers) and help to recycle nutrients back into the soil. Some parasitic and live off of living organisms.

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Kingdom Fungi

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  1. Kingdom Fungi • Include yeasts ,moulds, and mushrooms. • Non photosynthetic plantlike organisms. • Most fungi are saprobes (decomposers) and help to recycle nutrients back into the soil. Some parasitic and live off of living organisms. • Secrete digestive enzymes onto food and then absorbs the nutrients • Fungal cell walls contain chitin (kite-in). • Produce seedlike spores to ensure distribution. • Most are multicelled, eukaryotic cells. • Sexual and asexual reproduction

  2. Phylum Zygomycota: Conjugation Fungi • Grow on fruits and breads • Saprobes and parasites Rhizopus: bread mould Entomorphthora: “destroyer of insects”

  3. Hyphae • Threadlike hyphae secrete enzymes which break down food. The hyphae then reabsorb the nutrients and transport them throughout the fungus by means of diffusion and cyclosis.

  4. Phylum Oomycota: The Water Moulds and Mildews • Aquatic saprobes • Parasitic on land plants and fish. • Cell walls contain cellulose not chitin. • Spores swim using a flagellum. Plasmopara viticola, the downy mildew of grapes. Almost wiped out the European wine industry.

  5. Phylum Ascomycota: Sac Fungi • Include yeasts, morels and truffles • Saprobes that feed off of dead organisms Budding yeast morels

  6. Truffle Hunting: Pigs and dogs are trained to sniff out truffles that grow below ground level.(valued at 100’s of dollars per pound)

  7. Dutch Elm Disease:Spores are spread to healthy elms by a burrowing beetle. The new spores germinate under the bark.

  8. Ergot

  9. Ergot • LSD itself has origins in a naturally occurring fungal disease of rye grains, ergot. Although this fungus is the source of drugs useful in treating migraine and hemorrhaging, it is also the notorious cause of hallucinations & temporary insanity in people who inadvertently eat affected grain. In medieval times, French peasants suffering from ergot poisoning were thought to be consumed by holy fire- St. Anthony's Fire- because they frequently complained of excruciating sensations of burning, not to mention infections of gangrene caused by the interruption of circulation in the limbs. Though the control of ergot, by burning infected crops, is relatively simple, incidents of ergot poisoning have been reported as late as 1951.

  10. Penicillum

  11. Phylum BasidiomycotaClub Fungi Cap (pileus) • Saprobes that live off of dead organisms • Mushrooms, toadstools, bracket fungi, puffballs Gills (arrow shows spores) annulus Stalk (stipe) mycelium

  12. Shelf fungus: grow on trees can weigh several kg. Edible. Chantarele mushroom Puffball Poisonous or non-poisonous?

  13. Poisonous Mushrooms of Nova Scotia Squirrels & other rodents often feed on Fly Agaric, but this does not mean the fungus is edible by humans. While ingestion of a single mushroom may cause no lasting effects, consumption of ten or more can be FATAL.

  14. Magic Mushrooms MAGIC" MUSHROOMS REALLY AREN'T MAGIC AT ALL. In fact, their alarming effects are the nasty, brutish- and sometimes not so short- result of disruptive, chemical interference with the body's nervous system. We in Nova Scotia have five categories of hallucinogenic "Shrooms": It is a criminal offence to gather, possess or sell any of them.

  15. Fungi of the genus, PANAEOLUS, like most "magic" mushrooms, grow commonly in Nova Scotia in pastures or other open, grassy areas, and usually deteriorate from their peak appearance, as in the illustration, to little, brown fungi that may be hard to distinguish from other, more poisonous species. Better left unpicked...

  16. Lichens • Made up of 2 organisms: sac fungi and algae • Live on rocks, trees and soil • Food for some animals • Help in the formation of soil by breaking down rock. Mr. Fungi meet Mr. Algae

  17. Lichen Structure

  18. Lichen Examples Foliose lichen: Lobed or leaf- like lichen. The are attached to rocks and trees by hyphae. Fruticose lichen: Lacy and branched. The copper brown lichen blows around the Arctic tundra. Reindeer moss. Crustose lichens: finely textured, coloured patches on rocks and trees.

  19. KINGDOM FUNGI

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