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Adriatic

From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriactic, an Iron Curtain has descended across the continent. - Winston Churchill. Baltic. Adriatic. Cold War Actions. Eastern Europe Soviets Occupy Eastern Europe And Create A Buffer Zone US Demands Free Elections; Soviet’s Refuse.

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Adriatic

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  1. From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriactic, an Iron Curtain has descended across the continent. - Winston Churchill Baltic Adriatic

  2. Cold War Actions Eastern Europe Soviets Occupy Eastern Europe And Create A Buffer Zone US Demands Free Elections; Soviet’s Refuse The Iron Curtain

  3. The New Europe

  4. US and USSR Goals USSR Goals Spread Communism Shield Itself From Another Invasion From West Keep Germany Divided To Prevent It From Making War • US Goals • Spread Democracy • Prevent Spread of Communism • Rebuild Europe • Reunite Germany

  5. Germany Divided Into Zones Of Occupation After WWII Berlin Was In Soviet Zone  It Was Further Divided Germany Divided

  6. Berlin Blockade & Airlift 1948  Britain, France and US Combine Their Sections Of Germany To Form W. Germany Soviet’s Hold West Berlin Hostage, Angry Over Idea Of A Strong, Unified Germany Soviets try to starve West Berlin into submission

  7. Gail Halvorsen aka “Uncle Wiggly Wings”, “Candy Bomber”

  8. Leader of Soviet Union at start of Cold War Joseph Stalin

  9. Leader of U.S. at start of Cold War (1946) (Harry Truman)

  10. Soviet Union

  11. The Marshall Plan Marshall Plan = Plan To Rebuild Western Europe By Giving Needy Countries Aid Example of Containment Provided Food, Machinery, and Other Materials 12.5 Billion In Aid To Western Europe

  12. The Truman Doctrine Truman Doctrine = Support for the two countries below, that Rejected Communism Example of Containment

  13. Containment US policy during the Cold War What does it mean to contain something? To help you understand Containment better, please pay attn to the class demonstration US tried to stop the spread of Communism through any means necessary – financial aid, military aid,Scientific/Medical/Engineering/etc training

  14. NATO NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization 1949  10 Western European Nations, US, and Canada Form DEFENSIVE Military Alliance An Attack On One Is An Attack On All!

  15. Warsaw Pact • Warsaw Pact • 1955  Soviet Answer To NATO • Soviet Union, E. Germany, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Albania

  16. The United Nations Goals  1. Protect Members Against Aggression 2. Keep The Peace, and 3. Prevent Human Rights Violations Headquarters = New York City Pathetically poor record in meeting mandates – Great Leap Forward, Cultural Rev, Killing Fields (Pol Pot), Tiananmen Sq, Rwanda, Bosnia, etc

  17. Sputnik I (1957) The Russians have beaten America in space—they have the technological edge!

  18. 1957 Russians launch SPUTNIK I • Effects on the United States • Americans fear a Soviet attack with missile technology • Americans resolved to regain technological superiority over the Soviet Union • In July 1958, President Eisenhower created NASA orNational Aeronautics and Space Admin

  19. Effects of Sputnik on United States • Atomic Anxieties: • “Duck-and-Cover Generation” • Atomic Testing: • Between July 16, 1945 and Sept. 23, 1992, the United States conducted 1,054 official nuclear tests, most of them at the Nevada Test Site. Americans began building underground bomb shelters and cities had underground fallout shelters.

  20. The Dwight Eisenhower: If One Country In Southeast Asia Falls To Communism, Others Will Surely Follow And Communism Will Spread Like A Cancer Theory

  21. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/fac/Thomas.Pilsch/KoreanWarPhases.gifhttp://www.cc.gatech.edu/fac/Thomas.Pilsch/KoreanWarPhases.gif

  22. KENNEDY FOREIGN POLICY Crises over Cuba • The Cuban Dilemma • Revolutionary leader Fidel Castro declares himself communist • - seizes U.S. properties; Eisenhower cuts off diplomatic relations • 10% of Cuban population goes into exile; mostly to U.S. • The Bay of Pigs • Cuban exiles, CIA plan invasion to topple Castro • Plans go wrong; exile forces killed, taken prisoner • JFK pays ransom in food, medicine; mission is public embarrassment

  23. U-2 Spy Incident (1960) Col. Francis Gary Powers’ plane was shot down over Soviet airspace.

  24. The Berlin Wall 1961  East Berlin (Germany) Constructs The Berlin Wall Around West Berlin

  25. BAY OF PIGS • CIA operative to overthrow Fidel Castro’s dictatorship • U.S. feared Castro was becoming an ally with the Soviet Union. • Failed invasion of Cuba in April of 1961. • Embarrassment for President Kennedy because the U.S. tried to cover up their involvement.

  26. cuban missile2 CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS • This U-2 reconnaissance photo showed concrete evidence of missile assembly in Cuba. Shown here are missile transporters and missile-ready tents where fueling and maintenance took place.Courtesy of CIA

  27. cuban missile2 • Low altitude view of missile preparation area. The pilot taking this shot flew at an altitude of about 250 feet, and at the speed of sound.

  28. cuban missile2 Cuban Missile Crisis • U.S. and Soviets prepared for war…..U.S. placed a blockade around Cuba and warned Soviets not to break through the blockade. The Soviets sent their Naval fleet to protect Cuba.

  29. Kennedy and Khruschev both realized how close they came to nuclear war. • The “monster” of nuclear war must never be released. • Both leaders vowed to better communicate with one another. • US and Soviet Union would sign their first nuclear arms limitation treaty in 1963.

  30. Southeast Asian Conflict

  31. After America pulled out the last of its troops South Vietnam fell to – ____________________ (making all of Vietnam) - _______ ____________

  32. U.S. Troop Deployments in Vietnam

  33. US “Fails” In ‘Nam After The US Pulls Out, The South Falls To The Communist North Neighboring Cambodia Fell To Communist Forces Called Khmer Rouge, Led By Pol Pot  Genocide Followed (Killed 1/5 – 1/4 of entire population!!!!!) Pol Pot died a free man (1998). Never made to stand trial by UN or even the slightest suggestion of wrong doing!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

  34. You Decide… You Are A Developing Nation In The “Third World” You See Two SuperPowers Who Want Your Support…. You Decide  Who Do You Support? Why?

  35. Buying Friends… US and USSR Often Competed For Support Among These Nonaligned Nations Backed Wars of Revolution, Liberation, Counter-revolution Spying and Assassination Attempts Gave Military Aid Built Schools Created Programs To Fight Poverty Sent Volunteers

  36. The 1970s and 1980s An Arms Race Had Unfolded  Each Superpower Wanted “Bigger And Badder” Weapons. They Tried To Outspend The Other Side. Which Economic System Had The Advantage? Why?

  37. Soviets Invade Afghanistan 1979  Soviets Invade Afghanistan WHY? To Keep Communist Gov’t There The West (US) Convinced Soviets STILL AGGRESSIVE Relations Worsened Again Between Powers Invasion VERY UNPOPULAR In Soviet Union

  38. Here Comes Gorby… 1985  Mikhail Gorbachev Comes To Power In USSR Goals End Cold War Tensions Pull Troops Out Of Afghanistan Reform Economy & Gov’t

  39. Here Comes Gorby… Perestroika  Economic Reforms Goal  Stimulate Economic Growth and Improve Industry Introduced Free-Market Reforms

  40. Here Comes Gorby… Glasnost = Openness Ended Censorship Encouraged People To Openly Discuss Problems In USSR

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