The Internet and Web

1. Please discontinue use of cell phone and turn off ringer The Internet and Web Internet Technology Internet Communications Web technology Web Applications

2. Key Terms • Computer Network • Internet Backbone • Internet Service Provider (ISP) • Routers • Dial-up Connection • Cable modem connection • DSL connection • DSS connection • Protocols • TCP/IP • IP Address • Client/server • Port • Peer-to-peer (P2P) 4.1 Internet Technology What is the Internet?

3. What is the Internet? Visualization of the Internet’s topology from http://www.cybergeography.org/atlas/topology.html

4. A Brief History of the Internet • Listen to ethan zuckerman as he talks about the history of the Internet http://www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/

5. Internet Growth The Web arrives www.internetworldstats.com

6. Verizon’s/MCI’s UUNet carries 28% of Internet traffic Internet Hardware • The Internet backbone consists of the main pathways and connections of the Internet owned primarily by telecom companies. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_backbone

7. Internet Hardware • Network Service Providers • Major telecom companies that provide the Internet backbone. http://navigators.com/isp.html

8. Internet Hardware • Points of Presence (POPs) • Facilities provided by Network Service Providers that allow users to connect to the Internet backbone. • Internet Service Providers • Companies that provide users with access to the Internet. • Dial-up vs. DSS vs. Cell vs. DSL vs. Cable Top 22 ISP’s: http://www.isp-planet.com/research/rankings/usa.html

9. 7’ The Cisco CRS-1 router is controlled by a unique self-heating and self-defending operating system designed for always-on operation while scaling system capacity up to 92 Tbps. Routers such as this one manage traffic on the Internet Backbone. Internet Hardware • Routers: computing devices that manage network traffic by evaluating data packets and routing them to their destination. http://computer.howstuffworks.com/router1.htm

10. Packet Switching • A packet switching network divides all network data into small packets for faster, more efficient delivery. An email message Dear Joan, Hi! How’s it goin’? Just finished midterms, and it looks like I might graduate this semester after all! :-) My computer teacher is really great and I guess that I learned more than I thought in those wonderful lectures that I had previously written you about….

11. Packet Switching Divided into packets Dear Joan, Hi! How’s it goin’? Just finished midterms, and it looks like I might graduate this semester after all! :-) My computer teacher is really great and I guess that I learned more than I thought in those wonderful lectures that I had previously written you about….

12. Dear Joan, Hi! How’s it goin’? Just finished midterms, and it Message 3761HZA Date May 1 Packet 1 of 3From sweetykb@aol.comTo joan_kelly@yale.edu looks like I might graduate this semester after all! :-) My computer teacher is really great and I guess that I Message 3761HZA Date May 1 Packet 2 of 3From sweetykb@aol.comTo joan_kelly@yale.edu learned more than I thought in those wonderful lectures that I had previously written you about…. Message 3761HZA Date May 1 Packet 3 of 3From sweetykb@aol.comTo joan_kelly@yale.edu Packet Switching Packet headers added

13. Dear Joan, Hi! How’s it goin’? Just finished midterms, and it Message 3761HZA Date May 1 Packet 1 of 3From sweetykb@aol.comTo joan_kelly@yale.edu looks like I might graduate this semester after all! :-) My computer teacher is really great and I guess that I Message 3761HZA Date May 1 Packet 2 of 3From sweetykb@aol.comTo joan_kelly@yale.edu learned more than I thought in those wonderful lectures that I had previously written you about…. Message 3761HZA Date May 1 Packet 3 of 3From sweetykb@aol.comTo joan_kelly@yale.edu Packet Switching Each packet sent individually over the network Demo at http://acns.fsu.edu/~zeisler/usedu.html

14. Internet Protocols • Protocols are rules that govern how data is transmitted and received. • They govern all Network and Internet communications: • The Internet • The Web • Email • Instant Messaging • Etc. Ports are numeric addresses assigned to specific network services, and used in packet headers to direct data packets to the appropriate service. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers

15. Internet Protocols • TCP/IP • Transaction Control Protocol (TCP): Divides data into packets for transmission, and reassembles data from packets upon delivery. • Internet Protocol (IP): Controls the delivery of packets between IP addresses. • IP Address • a 32-bit number that identifies each sender or receiver of information that is sent in packets across the Internet. • 10000000.11111111.10110101.00010111 • 128.255.181.29 • www.fsu.edu • http://checkip.dyndns.org/

16. Client/Server Peer-to-Peer Network Architectures Original Napster vs. Kazaa

17. Key Terms • Hyperlink • HTTP • Web browser • Web server • URL • HTML • XML • Web authoring software • Cookies • Plug-in • Content Streaming 4.2 Web Technology What is the Web?

18. The Web • The World Wide Web is an Internet-based service that provides convenient access to information through hyperlinks.

19. Domain name Web Protocols & Standards • HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol defines and controls communication between Web server and client (Web browser). • URL: Uniform Resource Locator is the fancy name for a Web address. http://www.cs.fsu.edu/~baldauf/presentations/swt/2/index.html http://www.icann.org/

20. Web Protocols & Standards • HTML: Hypertext Markup Language is the formatting language used to define the appearance of Web pages. • Try View Source in IE • XML: New and popular standard for describing and classifying data in Web pages and other Web services.

21. Web Protocols & Standards • Many of today’s popular applications store files in XML format for easy data sharing.

22. Macromedia’s Dreamweaver software allows you to design Webpages and Websites using a WYSIWYG interface. Web-Authoring Software • Web Authoring Software allows you to create HTML documents using word-processor-like software

23. Programming the Web • Cookies are data generated by a Web server, and stored on your computer. • Used to target marketing or customize a webpage when you next visit the server. • Demowww.amazon.com • IE/Tools/Options/Settings/

24. Web Browser Plug-Ins • A plug-in is a program that works with the browser to offer extended services –typically the ability to view animations or video, listen to music, or interact with the Webpage. • Popular plug-ins include Flash, Quicktime & latest Windows Media Player. Demos:http://harrypotter.warnerbros.com http://getitnow.vzwshop.com/vcast.home.do http://www.toyota.com/vehicles/2005/prius/int360.html

25. Web Browser Plug-Ins • Content streaming allows media files to play while they are being delivered by the Web server. www.movies.com

26. Key Terms • Search engine • Web Portal • Synchronouscommunication • Asynchronous communication • E-mail • E-mail attachment • Instant messaging (IM) • Chat • SMS Text messaging • Blogs • Video Conferencing • Telecommuting 4.3 Internet and Web Applications How are they used?

27. Communications E-commerce The Web InformationDistribution The Internet The Internet & Web

28. Web Tools • Search Engines: Helps us find information on the Web through keyword searches of databases built by spiders or crawlers (http://a9.com/). • Subject Directories: A catalog of sites collected and organized by people. • Portals: Web pages that serve as entry points to the Web.

29. Face-to-face • Video conferencing • Phone (voice) • Instant messaging/Chat • Voice mail • Email • SMS Texting Synchronous Effectiveness Asynchronous Convenience Communication and Collaboration

30. Researchers at Caltech’s VRVS lab are able to video Conference from 36,000 feet above the Pacific Ocean.

31. Worlds Chat with avatars in a 3D virtual environmnt

32. Communication and Collaboration RSS (Really Simple Syndication) A web-content distribution technology • Blogs (Web logs) are websites created to express one or more individual’s views on a given topic (ie. http://www.bloglines.com/topblogs) • A blog aggregator is software that allows you to subscribe to numerous blogs (ie. http://www.bradsoft.com/feeddemon/) • APodcastisan audio file that contains a recorded broadcast distributed over the Internet for use on PC or Mobile media device. • Podcast Aggregator: provides access to podcasts that may be set to automatically download to your PC (iTunes).

33. www.current.tv Communication and Collaboration • Vlog (Vodcast) • Video-based blogs (www.vlogdir.com/) • Consumer Generated Media is the recent trend of the general public capturing and reporting the news. How does consumer genereated media compare to main stream media?

34. Voice over IP (VoIP) • Technology that enables network managers to route phone calls over the same network they use for data. Future of Phones: http://newsroom.cisco.com/dlls/video_audio_archive/?all Also see Video Telephony

35. Residential VoIP • Residential VoIP, Broadband Phone • Phone service over a broadband Internet connection. • http://www.voipchoices.com/vonage.html

36. Video Conferencing • Video conferencing is a technology that combines video and voice communications along with document sharing. Telecommunications is the process of working from locations away from the office by using telecommunications technologies.

37. News and Information • On-line news services allow you to drill-down into the story to get background information and details. Webcasting uses the Web to deliver news video footage.

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39. E-commerce • E-commerce has opened up new opportunities in buying and selling.

40. Travel • The Web has transformed the travel industry.

41. Employment and Careers • The Web assists us in researching career possibilities: • Selecting a career • Researching companies • Networking with colleagues • Searching want ads • Creating Resumes & Professional Websites

42. Information Consumers are increasingly reliant upon online resources to ease and inform major life events. • Research on the Web • Subject Directories, and Search Engines • Issues of reliability • Library Web sites • Research Databases

43. The Future Internet • Internet2 is a research and development consortium led by over 200 U.S. universities and supported by partnerships with industry and government to develop and deploy advanced network applications and technologies for tomorrow’s Internet. • The National LambdaRail (NLR), or Internet3 is a cross country, high-speed fiber-optic network dedicated to researching high-speed networking applications.

44. High-Speed Internet Applications • Interactive Collaboration Long distance collaboration and education. www.accessgrid.com/ Two dancers in different locations dance together.

45. High-Speed Internet Applications • Real-time access to remote Resources Scientists can control the astronomical telescopes at Gemini observatories in Hawaii and Chile from any location on Internet2.

46. High-Speed Internet Applications • Large-scale Multisite Computation and Data Mining • Shared Virtual Reality Consider the future of www.secondlife.com

47. Don’t forget to turn your phone on!! Chapter 4 Questions?