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HISTOGRAMS

Learn how to create and interpret histograms for continuous data representation. Understand the significance of grouped frequency distributions and frequency density in creating accurate histograms. Ensure proper scaling and alignment for precise data visualization.

michaeldickerson
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HISTOGRAMS

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  1. HISTOGRAMS Representing Data OCR Module 9

  2. Why use a Histogram • When there is a lot of data • When data is • Continuous • a mass, height, volume, time etc • Presented in a Grouped Frequency Distribution • usually in groups or classes that are UNEQUAL

  3. NO GAPS between Bars Continuous data

  4. Bars are different in width Determined by Grouped Frequency Distribution

  5. So we use FREQUENCY DENSITY AREA is proportional to FREQUENCY = Frequency Class width NOT height, because of UNEQUAL classes!

  6. Grouped Frequency Distribution Classes

  7. Drawing • Sensible Scales • Bases correctly aligned • Plot the Class Boundaries • Heights correct • Frequency Density

  8. Frequency Densities Class width 40 10 10 30 20 2.0 1.5 2.5 3.0 1.5

  9. 3.0 2.0 1.0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Frequency = Width x Height Freq Dens Frequency = 40 x 2.0 = 80 Speed (kph)

  10. How do we treat ages? Consider this frequency distribution of the ages of visitors to a department store 5 5 10 5 20 12 4.5 1.5 4 14 ‘15 – 19’ has an UPPER LIMIT of the 20th birthday

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