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Elements, Groups, and Valence Electrons

Elements, Groups, and Valence Electrons. Guided Overview. atom. atom. Element- a substance that is made from one kind of atom only . It cannot be broken down into simpler substances. An element. An element. A compound can be broken down into elements. Element 1. E lement 2.

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Elements, Groups, and Valence Electrons

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  1. Elements, Groups, and Valence Electrons Guided Overview

  2. atom atom Element- a substance that is made from one kind of atom only. It cannot be broken down into simpler substances. An element An element

  3. A compound can be broken down into elements Element 1 Element 2 This compound is made up of 3 different elements Element 3

  4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JAPWCJEo9Iw&disable_polymer=truehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JAPWCJEo9Iw&disable_polymer=true https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5UsRiPOFLjk The Periodic Table is a useful way to arrange elements. The vertical columns are called groups. -Every group contain similar chemical properties Ex. Hydrogen and Sodium since they are in group 1 (most reactive metals) The horizontal rows are called periods.

  5. What areValence Electrons? Valence electrons are the electrons in the outer shell (Outer Ring) that helps bond with other atoms = + 6 Valence Electrons 1 Valence Electron

  6. Carbon 4 Oxygen 6 Phosphorous 5 Calcium 2 Valence electrons – Electrons in the outer shell How many Valence Electrons are found in: a.) Carbon? b.) Oxygen? c.) Phosphorous? d.) Calcium?

  7. Atoms bond together causing certain reactions • Molecules - are made up of atoms bonded together. • The structure of an individual atom determines: • Whether the atom can form bonds. • How many other atoms it can bond to.

  8. Practice!

  9. Chemical Reactions: Physical and Chemical Changes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BgM3e8YZxuc

  10. ChemicalReaction Notes

  11. Matter is everything around you. Matter is anything made of atoms and molecules. Matter is anything that has a mass.

  12. Matter can be changed. It can go through physical change or chemical change. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M8tyjwB42X4

  13. Physical Change • Physical properties are used to identify, describe and classify matter. • Characteristic of a substance that can be observed (using your senses) without changing the substance into something else.

  14. Physical changes are a change in state or form that does not result in a new substance being created. Stays the same

  15. More EXAMPLES – Physical Change • size, shape, freezing point, boiling point, melting point, magnetism, viscosity, density, luster and many more. • Viscosity - The resistance of a liquid to flowing. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w5Y452eiHC8

  16. Some common examples of physical changes are: • melting • freezing • condensing • breaking • crushing • cutting • bending

  17. Chemical Change • Chemical properties are characteristics involved when a substance interacts with another substance to change its chemical make-up.

  18. Chemical changes result in the formation of a new substance via a chemical reaction. • Energy is required for a chemical change to take place. 

  19. What is a Chemical Reaction • Process in which one or more substance changes to produce one or more new substances with different chemical and physical properties. • During a chemical reaction, molecular bonds are broken and new bonds are made.

  20. Signs that a chemical change has occurred: production of a gas (bubbles) formation of a new odor production of a precipitate (solid) change of color Energy change given off as light, thermal, or electrical energy

  21. Examples of Chemical Change? Autumn Leaves • The change that occurs as chlorophyll decomposes into new compounds is a chemical reaction

  22. Examples of Chemical Change? Autumn Leaves • A chemical reactionis the process by which one or more substances changes to produce one or more different substances

  23. Common examples of chemical changes that you may be somewhat familiar with are: • digestion • respiration • photosynthesis • burning • decomposition 

  24. Common examples of Chemical Changes Striking a match, baking bread, and using a battery are all examples of chemical reactions

  25. Practice! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5yjEDihEuZI

  26. Chemical or Physical Change? • Cutting paper? • Physical

  27. Chemical or Physical Change? • Ice melting? • Physical

  28. Chemical or Physical Change? • Toast burning? • Chemical

  29. Chemical or Physical Change? • Rocket fuel burning? • Chemical

  30. Chemical or Physical Change? • Metal rusting? • Chemical

  31. Chemical or Physical Change? • Sawing wood? • Physical

  32. Chemical or Physical Change? • Disappearing puddle? • Physical

  33. Chemical or Physical Change? • Candle burning? • Chemical

  34. Chemical or Physical Change? • Dry ice? • Physical

  35. Chemical Reactions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5iowJs6MryI

  36. Chemical Reactions Chemical change = Chemical reaction Substance(s) is used up (disappear) New substance(s) is formed. Different physical and chemical properties.

  37. Clues to Chemical Reactions Heat, Gas Formation, and a Change in Color are clues that a chemical reaction is going on

  38. Chemical Equation A + B  C + D Reactants Products

  39. Chemical Reactions Products contain the same atoms as reactants. Rearrangement of atoms

  40. Solid (s) Liquid (l) Gas (g) Aqueous (aq) Ca(OH)2(s) + 2HCl(g)  CaCl2(s) + H2O(l) Chemical Equation Physical States (forms)

  41. ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ AB  A + B 2. Decomposition (analysis) 2NaCl  2Na + Cl2 A + BC  AC + B 3. Single replacement reaction Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu 4. Double replacement reaction NaCl + AgNO3 NaNO3 + AgCl Types of chemical reactions ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ A + B  AB 1. Synthesis reaction (combination) 2H2 + O2 2H2O ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ AB + CD  AD + CB

  42. Reaction of Hydrogen and Chlorine In a Chemical Reaction, bonds are broken and new bonds are formed

  43. Chemical Formulas • All substances are formed from about 100 elements from the periodic table • Each element has its own chemical symbol

  44. Chemical Formulas • The chemical symbols are all 1 or 2 letters long, and always begin with a capital letter • H- hydrogen • He- helium • Li- Lithium

  45. Chemical Formulas A Chemical Formula is an easy way to write a compound’s name using chemical symbols and numbers to represent atoms

  46. Chemical Formulas A Chemical Formula shows how many of each kind of atom are present in a molecule of the compound

  47. Chemical Formulas Glucose Oxygen Water

  48. Chemical Equations Carbon and Oxygen react to form Carbon Dioxide • In the same way, chemists from around the world must communicate about Chemical Reactions clearly • A Chemical Equation uses chemical formulas, plus signs, and arrows to describe a Chemical Reaction

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