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Changes in Civilization

Changes in Civilization. Objective : The student will analyze the constant change & evolution of civilizations through factors such as environmental influences, migratory patterns & conflicts . WarmUp #1. 1. W rite a ½-page reflection on: “ W hat is history?”

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Changes in Civilization

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  1. Changes in Civilization Objective: The student will analyze the constant change &evolution of civilizations through factors such as environmental influences, migratory patterns&conflicts.

  2. WarmUp #1 • 1. Write a ½-page reflection on: • “ What is history?” • “How do we know about the past?”

  3. Prehistory: the time before we have any written records Introduction to Prehistory

  4. How do we know about history? • Anthropology • focuses more on culture &human remains/human fossils. • Archaeology - studies past societies by what they left behind, called artifacts. (tools, household items, weapons, etc.) Key Concept: We analyze the remains to draw conclusions about people’s lives &culture.

  5. Paleolithic Age Hominids:creatures that walk upright • Paleo = old Lithic = stone • circa 1,000,000 BC-18,000 BC • lived in caves • learned to control fire • developed a spoken language • early religion • early art

  6. Beliefs of Early Humans Religionexplains the workings of nature &the existence of things. Animism: the belief that all things in nature have spirits. As Humans progressed, their spiritual practices developed. A few groups of early humans would bury their dead, showing a belief in an afterlife.

  7. Stone Age People • Nomads:moving from place to place following their food source, the migrating herds of animals • relied on natural resources &lived in small groups • hunter-gatherers: men hunted & women cared for children = survival was necessary!

  8. Hall of Bulls: Lascaux, France • What is the subject of the art? • Why might the people who made the art have provided more details for some animals over others? • What skills &materials would artists have needed to create these images?

  9. Neolithic Age • Neo = new Lithic= stone • 10,000 BC – 4500 BC • from pre-pottery to first pottery • domestication of plants &animals • flint tools • Mother Goddess (“Earth”) • Agricultural Revolution

  10. Changes duringthe Neolithic Revolution led to the emergence of Civilizations acquire food on a regular basis rise of permanent villages trading of goods, division of labor Civilization

  11. Beginnings of Civilization 3things are needed: 1. people produce surplus food. 2. towns or cities with governments. 3. people perform specialized jobs.

  12. CatalHuyuk: a farming village • Analyze the visual on CatalHuyuk on pg. 16 of the text &answer #1 & 2. ~Catal is Turkish for "fork" ~Höyük for "mound”

  13. Rise of Civilization

  14. Bartering

  15. From Villages…to Cities! • Cities: • larger, more densely populated • more diversity: many unrelated people • defensive walls • center of trade for surrounding areas • more formal organization • temples, palaces, monuments, government buildings &marketplaces

  16. Characteristics of Civilizations Civilization: a complex society with many characteristics • cities • government • religion • specialization of labor • social structure • writing/records • art/literature

  17. Changes in Civilizations • 1. Environmental Influences • dependence on farming: nature could devastate crops &destroy civilizations • storms/floods: wipe out cities (droughts kill livestock) • food shortage: weaken a civilization &make it vulnerable to outside attack • people needed outside resources they lacked • trees, metals, stones, etc. • TRADE!

  18. Changes in Civilization • 2. Spread of People &Ideas • movement of people through trade, migration&conquest helps to spread ideas &culture • traveling merchants:learned new languages • migrants:brought languages, customs&traditions with them to new areas • civilizations imposed their own culture on conquered peoples • Cultural Diffusion:the spread of ideas, beliefs, customs&technology from one culture to the next • advances in writing, religion, art, farming, etc. spread

  19. Changes in Civilization • 3. Expansion & Warfare • civilizations grew & needed more land &resources to support &sustain their population • conflicts arose over rich farmland, important sea ports, or regions with valuable resources • as a result, some civilizations developed into states & kingdoms • conflictsbetween nomadic tribal groups & civilizations because of land • Nomads- usually skilled warriors, domestication of the horse helped nomads &mobility (raided villages &cities)

  20. Say Hello to John Green! • Crash Course: • the Agricultural Revolution: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yocja_N5s1I

  21. Homework #1 • Develop a civilization of your own! • What conditions would exist for your civilization to grow, develop & flourish in the ancient world? • Must include: • 1) government/laws • 2) religion • 3) traditions • 4) farming/markets/trade ($) • 5) towns? nomadic people? • Must be at least 1-page in length • complete sentences • detailed & thorough

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