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Civilization in Mesopotamia. Pages 89-95. Civilization. A society with cities, architecture, social classes, religion, writing, inventions, government, surplus of food, and division of labor. Technology. The skills and knowledge to make products or meet goals
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Civilization in Mesopotamia Pages 89-95
Civilization • A society with cities, architecture, social classes, religion, writing, inventions, government, surplus of food, and division of labor
Technology • The skills and knowledge to make products or meet goals • Examples: irrigation, wheel, sailboats
Ziggurat • A mud brick temple • A shrine for the city’s god • Was the center for activity
Government • An organized system that groups use to make laws and decisions
City-state • Includes a city and the farmland around it • Each had its own leader, but fought for water and farmland
Monarchy • A government in which one person has complete authority or right to rule • It was believed that the rulers were selected by god.
Authority • Right to rule
Surplus • An extra supply • Led to a division of labor
Merchants • People who buy and sell goods for a living
Social class • Groups with different levels of importance
Scribe • People who wrote things for others
Members of the upper class • People with wealth and honor • Kings • Priests
Members of the middle class • Skilled workers • Merchants • Scribes • Doctors • Carpenters • Potters • Managers • Bricklayers • craft workers
Members of the lower class • Unskilled workers • Slaves by war or by debt
Q1: Changes early settlers made in their environment • Ditches • Dikes, walls • Canals • Why? To control water – bring water to farms, prevent flooding, save water for later use
Q2: Innovations that helped move things • Wheeled cart • Copper wheel • Sailboats
Q3 What did Mesopotamians believe? • If they pleased their gods, they would get a large harvest • They thought floods and other natural disasters were signs that the gods were angry with them
Q4: Government of Mesopotamia • A monarchy
Q5: Effect of a surplus of food • Led to a division of labor • Could trade for what they needed
Q6 Leadership roles for women • Religious leaders • Trained as scribes • Own businesses
Q7: Innovations • Iku – acre – to measure land • Quart – to measure wheat & barley • Cuneiform – Sumerian writing • Sailboat – to move supplies upriver • Wheeled cart – to move supplies over ground • Minute and hour – to measure time