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How does Petroleum Development Oman manage Road-Safety ? An Overview

How does Petroleum Development Oman manage Road-Safety ? An Overview. How does PDO manage Road Safety: an overview. Contents/topics of this presentation: Introduction slides: statistics and RTA’s Road safety management: threats and controls Details: In Vehicle Monitoring Systems

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How does Petroleum Development Oman manage Road-Safety ? An Overview

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  1. How does Petroleum Development Omanmanage Road-Safety ?An Overview

  2. How does PDO manage Road Safety: an overview • Contents/topics of this presentation: • Introduction slides: statistics and RTA’s • Road safety management: threats and controls • Details: In Vehicle Monitoring Systems • Details: PDO’s new Defensive Driving Program • Details: Safe Journey Management • Details: Night Driving • Details: the Vehicle • Details: RAS (Roadworthiness Assurance System) • Details: Road Safety Monitoring Teams • Details: the Rules: know, understand and follow them • Details: rollovers • Details: traffic laws “reckless driving penalties” • Details: load restraint • Details: RS actions required at a National Level

  3. Road transport in the world • Road transport is the backbone of • modern society & economy: • Fast • Comfortable & convenient • Provides communication links • Generates jobs & income • It is fun • It is essential • We can not & do not want to “live” without it

  4. Road transport in the world • Road transport was the number 9 killer • in 1990 and will be number 3 in 2020: • 2500 die on the road every day • same as 6 full 747’s every day • 25-35% pedestrians • 10-20% children under 15 • cost: 1 billion US$ every day • the suffering is NOT measurable • this is a world wide problem

  5. Oman: 614 fatalities in 1998, 499 in 2001

  6. PDO & Contractors: Road Safety Performance Road Traffic Accidents per Million Km driven Improving RTA’s / Million Km BUT !

  7. PDO & Contractors: Road Safety Performance 1998 1999 2000 2001 Millions km driven 149 116 118 123 Road Accidents 231 144 158 160 Rollovers 51 32 43 33 Dead 8 0 10 8+1ptd 2002: 4 Dead 5 LTI’s Road Safety: 40% of the LTI’s (Lost Time Injury) 90% of the Fatalities 12000 drivers, 6000 vehicles

  8. Private car: 2 Dead (5/Mar/2001) Eid Holidays: 2 man drove from Yibal to Muscat after a 12 hr shift. Slept a few hours and drove back to Yibal. Straight road near Nizwa They died in a high speed roll-over on their way back to Yibal.They were not wearing their seatbelts.

  9. 20/Nov/2001: Fatality + LTI Blacktop road Fahud- Nizwa Rules not followed:- JM for trips >20 km- Speed limit - RAS inspection- No PDO driving permit Rollover !!

  10. Private car: 1 Dead (13/Feb/02) Bilal al Hosni was 44 yrs old. He was a father of 6 childrenHe did NOT wear his seatbeltHe sat ON it ! He rolled over. He paid with his life. Nahada - Fahud road at night Bilal workedas a gardener in Fahud. He provided a taxi service after a full days work. He probably fell asleep at 01.00 hrs am on the road to Fahud

  11. RTA Fatality 3-Apr-2002 • What happened?: • Truck delivering line pipe to Fahud. Driver probably fell • asleep. Went straight of off the road, rolled-over and • jack-knifed. Cabin completely crushed. • Result: • Driver dead • Family lost their father • Lost truck • Learning: • JM plan NOT followed • STOP when tired

  12. RTA Fatality 24-May-2002 • What happened?: • High bed trailer transporting a mobile crane which. Driver brakes • hard for potholes in the road. Crane brakes loose from its chains • and crashes into • the cabin killing • the driver. • Result: • Driver dead • Lost truck • Learning: • Poor load restraint • Wrong trailer

  13. Stop the killing on our roads Key Road Safety Problems in Oman: • Speeding • Driver behaviour (overtaking, tailgating) • Young drivers • Driver training and testing • Impaired drivers: fatigue • Dangerous road locations • Pedestrians • Passenger protection (rear seat belts, children) • Rescue system (communications, ambulances)

  14. Stop the killing on our roads Key Road Safety Problems in PDO: • Speeding • Driver behaviour • Other road users • Lack of Defensive Driving Skills • Impaired drivers: fatigue • Journey Management • Load restraint practices • Management of (sub)-contractors • Use of private vehicles in the interior

  15. There is no magic bullet in the combat against road accidents. Dick Twilhaar SPE article 6/2000 A road safety program must be: - A multi pronged attack - A long-term effort

  16. Oman & PDO: Changing driving environment: • Oman: more vehicles, more drivers, more roads, more dead 1980: 100.000 Veh 400 Fatalities 1990: 225.000 Veh. 375 Fatalities 1999: 450.000 Veh. 600 Fatalities • PDO’s infrastructure is changing (from graded only to graded & blacktop): 1990: 60 km Blacktop (Fahud - Yibal) 1999: 500 km Blacktop 2005: 850 km Blacktop

  17. Road Safety Management: Threats and Controls Accidents are caused by threats created by (In order of importance): • The driver • The other road users • The roads and the environment • The transport operation • The vehicle • The vehicle load/passengers What follows is an overview of activities PDO currently has in place to control these threats?

  18. Road Safety Management: Threats and Controls The transportsystem Other Road Users The Driver Roads & Environment Vehicle &Load Accidents are caused by threats created by:

  19. Road Safety Management: Threats and Controls Road Safety Threats: The driver • Driver poor behavior (reckless, speed, maneuvers) • Driver lack of competence (skill/knowledge) • Driver fatigue • Driver mental stress • Driver physical fitness • Driver poor vision • Driver disoriented (brain cramp) • Driver alcohol/drugs/medicine • Driver loss of concentration (misc. reasons)

  20. Road Safety Management: Threats and Controls Road Safety Controls: The driver • Defensive Driving Courses: Driver competency assurance • IVMS/DMS strategy: improving driver behavior • Road Safety Monitoring Teams: 3 teams in interior • Clear rules and specifications: SP-2000 • Safe Journey Management requirements • No Night driving rules • Strong awareness campaigns: • Posters, Video’s, Stickers • Presentations • Campaigns • Hearts+Minds Road Safety Road Show : 99 & 2001 • Violation disciplinary rules: PDO & Police • Minimum age: 21 years old. • Speed limiters on all vehicles.

  21. Road Safety Management: Threats and Controls Road Safety Threats: The other road users • Driver poor behavior (reckless, speed, maneuvers) • Driver lack of competence • Driver fatigue • Driver loss of concentration (stress, alcohol, distracted, etc.) • Driver physical fitness • Driver poor vision • Animals (camels, goats, donkeys) • Behavior of pedestrians

  22. Road Safety Management: Threats and Controls Road Safety Controls: The other road users • Yearly GCC Road Safety Week Campaign organised by PDO and distributed through Shell/BP/Al-Maha petrol stations • “Formulating National Road Safety Plan” workshop held 4/2001 attended by Police and Ministries involved in Road Safety • Interior awareness campaigns: Villages, Schools and Loacal Community Contractors • Regular contacts with National and local Police • DDC: Defensive Driving Course for our drivers

  23. Road Safety Management: Threats and Controls Road Safety Threats: The roads + environment • Obstruction (permanent/mobile: stones, equipment) • Poor road maintenance • Poor road design • Poor visibility (dust, fog, rain) • Poor visibility (night) • Rain (slippery road/wadi’s) • Objects above road; height restrictions • Steep gradients • Off road hazards • Wind forces • Heat & dehydration

  24. Road Safety Management: Threats and Controls Road Safety Controls: The roads + environment • “No Night Driving” policy • MAF/RAH Road Safety Panel: reviews all proposals in MAF industrial area. • Blacktopping of all major roads (500 km done, 300 km outstanding) • Condition based maintenance of graded roads: re-sheeting/grading • Road condition reporting by drivers: feed-back to repair/maintenance. • Rationalizing Road signs • Dust code: no over taking, get off the road when dust cloud coming towards you, “lights on” on graded roads.

  25. Road Safety Management: Threats and Controls Road Safety Threats: The transport operation • Poor supervision • Logistics: unnecessary km’s • Logistics: non-optimum fleet management • Documentation unclear

  26. Road Safety Management: Threats and Controls Road Safety Controls: The transport operation • Road Transport Safety Program = Road transport HSE case • Rewrite of the HSE case based on “bow-tie” treath/control concept • Make it understandable to the users/drivers • Ranking and gap analysis of controls • Test HSE case against every RTA • Review by outside party (NSC/TRL) • KM reduction: organisation of primary/secondary logistics

  27. Road Safety Management: Threats and Controls Road Safety Threats: The vehicle • Poor Tires: selection/pressure/condition • Poor vehicle condition/maintenance (major maintenance) • Poor checks and minor maintenance to vehicle (tyre change,oil/water check,battery acid, hot parts,rotating parts,hydraulic pressure) • Inappropriate for the task

  28. Road Safety Management: Threats and Controls Road Safety Controls: The vehicle • PDO Vehicle specifications: • Interior: 190 mm ground clearance, rollbars, high intesity rear lights. • First aid kits, triangles, AC, seatbelts on all seats, airbags, ABS breaks. • Tire specifications, inspections • Pre-mobilsation inspections for all vehicles. • Daily vehicle checks and defect reporting systems • Monthly vehicles safety inspections/maintenance • Yearly “MOT” type inspection by third party inspection agencies (RAS: Roadworthiness Assurance System). • Journey Management systems (trip/vehicle authorisation) • Road Safety Monitoring Teams: road side vehicle inspections. • Use of 2WD instead of 4WD: low center of gravity

  29. Road Safety Management: Threats and Controls Road Safety Threats: The load/passengers • Overloaded/instability weight and distribution • Bulk liquids movable weight • Loads not correctly secured • Oversized loads • Load securing means working at height, chains, cheater bars, load binders • Hazardous nature of the load chemicals,gases, radiation, high or low temperature,pressurised • Passengers as "load" • Dis/embarking, trips,height

  30. Road Safety Management: Threats and Controls Road Safety Controls: The load/passengers • Load restraining procedures/specifications/competence requirements (SP/2001) • Weigh bridges and inspections of loads before release. • RSMT and ROP road side checks • Specialist Defensive Driving courses for bus and tanker drivers. • Mandatory seatbelt for all passengers • Journey Management procedures: vehicle/driver selection.

  31. Details: IVMS/DMS Details: IVMS/DMS IVMS: In Vehicle Monitoring SystemDMS: Driver Merit System

  32. Details: IVMS/DMS Why IVMS/DMS ?? • Influence driver behavior • Less RTA’s: • Reduce $$$ loss • Reduce Suffering ====================================================== • Trials (Syria & PDO): significant improvement driver behavior • Improves “Safe Journey Management” policing • Provides data for accident investigation

  33. Details: IVMS/DMS IVMS/DMS: What is it? IVMS DMS

  34. Details: IVMS/DMS PDO Pilot results Oct/00-Jan/01: it works !!!

  35. Details: IVMS/DMS IVMS Cost: Much higher than “estimated” in 2001HSE-SC 6/2001 11/2002 Once of installation cost: • 500-1,000 US$/vehicle 1,570 $/vehicle(1,200 $ downward potential) 30- 50,000 $ infrastructure Annual cost: • 150-250 US$/vehicle/yr 500 $/vehicle/year (Admin, data download, (250 $ downward potential??) driver feedback) • 100-250 US$/driver 100-250 $/driver/year(merit prizes) **: Downward potential: no auto download & organization structure strategy

  36. Details: IVMS/DMS IVMS Cost for 464 PDO vehicles (N, S & C): One off investment: 880,000 $ Operations ( 3.5 yr): 628,000 $ Prizes (3.5 yr, 900 drivers @ 250 $/yr): 750,000 $ ========= Total: 2,258,000 $ Over 3 ½ year: 4,800 $/veh MD review 26/Oct: - Rejected: cost high, risk low - Prepare “high risk” proposal at lower total expenditure

  37. Details: IVMS/DMS Cost comparison of PDO Road Safety activities: PDO/Contractors: 12,000 drivers / 6,000 vehicles • DDC Courses ($3,400K one off + $800K/year) = $65/driver/yr • 3 RSMT teams ($540K/year) = $90/vehicle/yr • Yearly RAS inspections ($300K/year) = $50/vehicle/yr • CSM/1 staff & campaigns (1,000,000$/year) = $80/driver/yr • Vehicle tracking (for Security): = $770/vehicle/yr$1,400/veh one off + $300$/veh/yr (over 3 years)150 vehicles in M/N/B/QA • IVMS/DMS ($880K one off + $628K/yr + $750K/yr =$1,370/vehicle/yr over 3.5 year)

  38. Details: IVMS/DMS IVMS/DMS: strategy considerations • High cost • The only technology that “measures” and “influences” behavior of the “uncontrolled” driver • Trials in PDO and Syria successful • Option: Do nothing • we will NOT get any experience • Option: Implement on small scale • get experience • relatively small cost • select “high risk” operations in “direct” PDO control • with experience and over time find lower cost options for larger scale implementation • positive example for contractors

  39. Details of PDO’s new Defensive Driving Program

  40. Defensive Driving Courses: details RTA analysis: problem areas Played role in acc no: • Young inexperienced drivers 3x • Other road users 5x • Defensive driving 10x • Blacktop instead of graded road 10x Better Defensive Driving skills / Behavior awareness could have mitigated these incidents

  41. Defensive Driving Courses: details OLD PDO Driver Training: • Coast: • Only for young drivers (below 25 yrs): 8 hrs defensive driving • Others: None • No medical checks (vision/reactions) • Interior: • 8 hrs “Interior Driver Skills” course every 3 years • No medical testing (vision/reactions) • Strong emphasis on “graded/off road” • Problems: • Does not address the changed environment • Too infrequent • Concentrates on “skills” rather than “behaviour/attitude” • No/very little competence assurance

  42. Defensive Driving Courses: details Driver Competence Assurance Redesign: timing • Data collection phase, options review Sept/00 • Workshop with NSC + Training Institutes Oct/00 • Complete new concept + implications Nov/00 • Director endorsement framework Nov & March • Courses detailed design Jan-April/01 • Stakeholder consultation 11/March/01 • Train the trainers May-June/01 • Modify training contracts April-June/01 • Implement new program 1/July/01 • 12,000 drivers to attend Jul/01-July/03

  43. Defensive Driving Courses: details Defensive Driving Course (DDC) development: • Defensive Driving Modules: • Base design as per NSC (National Safety Council, International SC) • Heavily emphasise behaviour/attitude change of driver • Teach Defensive Driving techniques • “Omanise” with major input from OTI/NTI/TATI • Accreditation of training providers by NSC • 3 days “Train the Trainers” and accreditation by NSC • Why NSC? • Common “standard” by all training providers • External accreditation of Local Companies by recognised body • Non-commercial entity: low cost material and updates • Internationally recognised as one of the leaders in Defensive Driving • Since 1963: 45 million people trained

  44. Defensive Driving Courses: details Principles Behind New Programme: • Shift emphasis to defensive driving techniques • Incorporate attitude and behavioural aspects • Harness strengths of existing courses and combine with expertise from international organisation • Ensure courses meet needs of entire target audience • Build in robust and consistent practical assessment

  45. Defensive Driving Courses: details AIM OF THE DEFENSIVE DRIVING COURSE: To minimise death, injury and damage resulting from Road Traffic Incidents

  46. Defensive Driving Courses: details • Basic Starting program: • 2 Day DDC : one off (no renewal) • 1/2 Day Graded/Off-Road: one off (no renewal)Assessment/Refresher program: • Yearly Professional Assessment Drive (1 to 1) Only for those that have attended the DDC • Failed assessment: go back to DDC For future review: • Option of “Supervisory Assessment”: Q1/2002 • Refresher for DDC (after 3 yrs ??): Q1/2003

  47. Defensive Driving Courses: details Driver Competence Assurance Framework DDC Light Vehicle Blacktop Roads 2 days (one off) DDC Heavy Vehicle Blacktop Roads 2 days (one off) Bus1/2 day(one off) Graded1/2 day(one off) Tanker1/2 day(one off) + Yearly: Professional Assessment Drive Test on knowledge of PDO-Rules

  48. Defensive Driving Courses: details Defensive Driving Course Structure Day 1 (class room) Module: • Hearts and Minds • Driver Condition • Common Driving Errors • The Driving Environment • See and Survive • Vehicle Control • The Driving Plan • Vehicle Safety Systems Day 2 (class/road) Module: • Before You Drive • Demonstration Drive • Seat Belt Convincer • Tutored Driving Practice • Practical Assessment • Driver Commitment (includes written/oral test)

  49. Defensive Driving Courses: details Classroom Instruction

  50. Defensive Driving Courses: details Vision testing

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