310 likes | 808 Views
Household Chemical Materials. Based on their source components, chemical materials can be classified into : natural chemical synthetic chemical materials or artificial chemical. Natural chemicals are derived and produced from nature
E N D
Based on their source components, chemical materials can be classified into : • natural chemical • synthetic chemical materials or artificial chemical
Natural chemicals are derived and produced from nature • Artificial chemicals are derived from the processed and chemical reactions
Household Chemical materials can be classified into: • cleaning materials • Whiteners • Fragrances • insecticides
Cleaning Material • Cleaning materials include things like soap and detergent • Chemical substance in cleaning material is distinguished as main constituent and additional constituent
SOAP • Soap is foaming material • Soap is made by tempering animal fat and vegetable oil mixed using strong alkaline • This lipid and oil are usually known as triglyceride • Triglyceride is a compound of ester molecules.
Fat is tempered using sodium hydroxide solution or potassium hydroxide so forming soap and hydrolysed ester molecule. • Process of this soap forming is known as saponification reaction
Saponification Reaction Glycerylstearate+ Sodium hydroxide -> sodium stearate + Glycerol (animal fat) (strong alkaline) (soap) • Soap components which cause soap to be able to remove dirt and fat are hydrophobic and hydrophilic
A simple diagram of soap molecule • Sodium stearate (soap) is composed of : • a long hydrocarbon chain called hydrophobic chain ( hydrocarbon, with water resistant character) and • is bonded to hydrophilic ion “head” ^^^^^^^^^^ • hydrophilic • chain • hydrophobic chain
detergent • Soap has a weaker cleaning ability compared to detergent • Detergent made from ABS ( Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate) or LAS ( Linear Alkyl Sulfonate) which are reacted with sodium hydroxide
whiteners • Whiteners can be classified into skin whiteners and bleach • Chemical subtances contained in bleach are sodium hypochlorite ( NaClO) which serves as clothes whitening
insecticides • A chemical substances which is used as an insecticides is DichloroDiphenylTrichloroethane (DDT )