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Wednesday - APES

Wednesday - APES. AP exam fees due March 9 Cookie Lab today Pick up tests for test corrections during period Measure radish plants Chem poster due Friday 2 pictures included. Cookie Mining. The economics of mining. Purchasing: land, mining equipment Paying for: operations & reclamation.

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Wednesday - APES

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  1. Wednesday - APES • AP exam fees due March 9 • Cookie Lab today • Pick up tests for test corrections during period • Measure radish plants • Chem poster due Friday • 2 pictures included

  2. Cookie Mining The economics of mining. Purchasing: land, mining equipment Paying for: operations & reclamation

  3. Instructions • Mass cookie • Mass graph paper • Place cookie on graph paper – mining area • Don’t use your hands, only tools • Toothpicks, paper clips • Following instructions 1-17 • Record on side 2 • Keep graph paper for lab journal • Write information on graph paper as needed

  4. Thursday - APES • AP exam fees due March 9 • Pick up lab journals • Pick up tests for test corrections (due Mon.) • Cookie Lab follow up • Measure radish plants • Chem poster due Friday • 2 pictures included (details on back) Discussion Ch. 16

  5. Nonrenewable Mineral Resources

  6. Finding Buried mineral Deposits • Aerial photos/satellite images – outcroppings • Radiation-measuring – detect deposits (uranimum) • Magnetometer – magnetic field changes caused by magnetic minerals (iron ore) • Gravimeter – differences in density of ore and surrounding rock

  7. Finding Buried mineral Deposits Underground: • Drilling a deep well/extracting core samples • Seismic surveys – shock waves, rock bed composition • Chemical analysis – water/plants, detects deposits

  8. Removing Buried Mineral Deposits Surface mining (p. 341) Shallow deposits removed Strip away overburden – soil/rock (spoils) 90% nonfuel mineral, 60% coal • Open-pit – dig a hole • Dredging scrape up underwater deposits • Area strip mining – trench digging, cover back with overburden • Contour strip mining – power shovel, cuts terraces • Mountaintop removal – explosives, huge machines; rubble  streams (env.damage)

  9. Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 • Requires co. to restore land to original usage

  10. Subsurface mining - Deep depositsp. 342 • Removes coal, metal ores • Deep vertical shaft, tunnels • Environ. Disturbance – minimal • Warning: subsidence (cave ins), black lung disease

  11. Environmental effects of use • Enormous amt. energy • Land disturbance - scarring • Soil erosion • Air/water pollution • Acid mine drainage – 40% west. watersheds

  12. Acid Mine Drainage -impact on a lake after receiving effluent from an abandoned tailings impoundment for over 50 years

  13. The same tailings impoundment after 7 years of sulfide oxidation. The white spots in Figures A and B are gulls. Relatively fresh tailings in an impoundment. http://www.earth.uwaterloo.ca/services/whaton/s06_amd.html

  14. Mine effluent discharging from the bottom of a waste rock pile

  15. Shoreline of a pond receiving AMD showing massive accumulation of iron hydroxides on the pond bottom

  16. Groundwater flow through a tailings impoundment and discharging into lakes or streams.

  17. Life Cycle – Mineral ore fig. 16-15 • Extracting – removal from earth’s crust • Purifying – separating ore from gangue (waste) • Tailings – piles of waste • Smelting – separate metal from other elements • Converted to product

  18. Phase in Full-Cost Pricing • Include cost of environ. harm in price of goods made from minerals

  19. Mineral Supplies – p. 345 • Available/affordable • Economically depleted: • Costs more to find, extract, transport, process than it’s worth • Recycle/reuse • Wastes less • Use less • Find a substitute • Do without

  20. New Technology – Nanotechnology • Atomic/molecular level technology • Manipulate atoms 1-100 nm wide • Medicines • Solar cells • Buckyballs – soccer ball shape carbon • Cosmetics/sun screen • Little environmental damage • Unintended consequences • Smaller – more reactive • More toxic potentially • Fish – brain damage w/in 48 hrs. • Precautionary principal

  21. Energy resources removed from the earth’s crust include: oil, natural gas, coal, and uranium www.bio.miami.edu/beck/esc101/Chapter14&15.ppt

  22. Minerals -Commonly Found: fault lines – divergence/convergence (oceanic & continental crust) magma risen to the surface hot spots & hydrothermal vents (ocean) manganese nodules - ocean floor. small underwater volcanoes - copper, lead, zinc, silver, gold & other metallic minerals. evaporite mineral deposits –dissolved by ground water -left in lakes - water evaporates

  23. APES – Mondaytest corrections in box • Lab Today – Part 2 Extracting Copper from Malachite • Cookie and Copper Labs Due Thursday, 3/8 • AP exam fees due next Friday, 3/9 • Daily Light Savings Time – this weekend

  24. Extracting Metal From a Rock: Chemically refine malachite to produce copper. Part 1: Dissolve the Copper • CuCO3 (s) + H2SO4 (aq)  • CuSO4 (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l)

  25. Monday Part 2: Retrieving the Copper • CuSO4 (aq) + 2Fe (s)  3Cu (s) + Fe2 (SO4) 3 (aq)

  26. Write up Purpose Follow write up instructions Procedure Part 1 – 4 sentences Part 2 – 4 sentences Results: (qualitative/quantitative) Part 1 data tables Part 2 data tables Discussion Questions: 7 Conclusion

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