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Science 10

Science 10. Ecological Roles and Relationships. Life Functions. Relationships between organisms in ecosystems can be very difficult to understand. In order to survive in an ecosystem, an organism must be able to carry out several life functions. Life Functions. Life functions : definition

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Science 10

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  1. Science 10 Ecological Roles and Relationships

  2. Life Functions • Relationships between organisms in ecosystems can be very difficult to understand. • In order to survive in an ecosystem, an organism must be able to carry out several life functions.

  3. Life Functions • Life functions: definition • The basic processes that all organisms must be able to carry out in order to survive. • There are 8 life functions…

  4. Life Functions • 1. Respiration • The ability to convert food into energy. • 2. Regulation • The ability to maintain a stable internal environment (homeostasis). • 3. Reproduction • The ability to produce more of their own kind (not needed for the individual organism to survive).

  5. Life Functions • 4. Growth • The ability to increase in size. • 5. Excretion • The ability to remove metabolic wastes (Carbon dioxide, water and urea). • 6. Nutrition • The ability to obtain and process food (autotrophic or heterotrophic).

  6. Life Functions • 7. Transport • The ability to move materials into, out of and throughout an organism. • 8. Synthesis • The ability to manufacture materials that cannot be obtained from the environment.

  7. Life Functions • Today, we will look more specifically at nutrition. • What is nutrition? • The ability to obtain and process (digest) nutrients.

  8. Life Functions • Nutrients are elements and compounds that are essential for growth and survival. • There are 7 kinds of nutrients: • 1. Water

  9. Life Functions • 2. Vitamins • 3. Minerals

  10. Life Functions • 4. Protein • 5. Oxygen

  11. Life Functions • 6. Fats • 7. Carbohydrates

  12. How do Organisms Obtain Nutrients? • All organisms, no matter how big or small, can only get nutrients in two ways. • They can be producers or consumers.

  13. How do Organisms Obtain Nutrients? • Producers • They are any organisms that can make their own food. • All producers are autotrophs, they make their own food. • This usually happens through photosynthesis. • Examples: • Plants – the most important producers on land. • Algae – produce food while living in water. • Phytoplankton – microscopic plants in water

  14. How do Organisms Obtain Nutrients? • Consumers • Any organism that gets nutrients by consuming other organisms. • Consumers are heterotrophs, they get their food from consuming and digesting other organisms. • Examples: • Humans • Caterpillars • Wolverines

  15. Kinds of Consumers • Primary Consumers • Any organisms that eat producers only (herbivores). • Examples • Rabbits, deer, caterpillars, zooplankton…

  16. Kinds of Consumers • Carnivores • Organisms that eat other consumers. • Examples • Cougars, coyotes, lions…

  17. Kinds of Consumers • Omnivores • Animals that can eat producers (plants) and other consumers (animals). • Examples • Humans, bears,

  18. Kinds of Consumers • Detrivores • Consumers that eat waste (detritus) left over in the ecosystem. • Also called scavengers. • Examples • Beetles, ants, termites, flies, worms…

  19. Kinds of Consumers • Decomposers • Consumers that feed off dead organisms then cause them to decay into simpler molecules that are recycled into the ecosystem. • Biodegradation • Examples • Bacteria, mushrooms, molds…

  20. Kinds of Consumers

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