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Science 10 Physics

Science 10 Physics. Unit B. Read pg. 465 - 477. Conversions Review. How to Multiply Fractions. 12 5. 3 x 4 = 1 5 3 x 7 = 8 3 x 5 = 9. 21 8. 15 9. Unit Conversions (Distance). E.g. 3.75km  m

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Science 10 Physics

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  1. Science 10 Physics Unit B Read pg. 465 - 477

  2. Conversions Review

  3. How to Multiply Fractions 12 5 • 3 x 4 = 1 5 • 3 x 7 = 8 • 3 x 5 = 9 21 8 15 9

  4. Unit Conversions (Distance) • E.g. 3.75km  m 1 km = 1000 m • Try: 5.85km  m 1 km = 1000 m 3750 m 3.75 km x 1000 m = 1 km 5850 m 5.85 km x 1000 m = 1 km

  5. E.g. 427cm  m 100 cm = 1 m • Try: 865 cm  m 100 cm = 1 m 427cm x 1 m = 100cm 4.27 m 8.65 cm 865 cm x 1m = 100cm

  6. E.g. 67 mm  m 1000 mm = 1 m • Try: 765 mm  m 1000 mm = 1 m 0.067 m 67 mm x 1 m = 1000 mm 0.765 m 765 mm x 1m = 1000 mm

  7. E.g. 580 m  km 1000 m = 1 km 0.580 km 580m x 1 km = 1000 m

  8. Try Unit Conversions (Time) • E.g. 2.75 h  min 1 hr = 60 min 2.75 h x 60 min = 165 min 1 h • Try: 42 min  h 42 min x 1h = 0.70 h 60 min

  9. E.g. 2.10 h  s 1 hr = 3600 s 2.10 h x 3600 s = 7560 s 1h • Try: 3 h  s 3 h x 3600s = 10800 s 1 h

  10. Units to know for this unit: • Distance, height = meters (m) • Time = seconds (s) • Speed, velocity = meters per second (m/s) • Acceleration = meters per second2 (m/s2) • Work, energy = Joules (J) • Force = Newtons (N) • Mass = kilograms (kg) • Efficiency = percent (%)

  11. Formulas to know for this unit: v = d t vave = vi + vf 2 a = vf - vi t F = ma W = Fd Ep = mgh Ek = 1/2 mv2 % Efficiency = useful output x 100% total input

  12. Rearranging formulas • You need to ISOLATE the variable you are trying to solve for • What ever mathematical operation you do to one side of the = you need to also do to the other side • Ex. v = d Solve for d and solve for t t

  13. Drawing Graphs

  14. Parts of a Graph • All graphs should have: • A horizontal axis (or x axis) • A vertical axis (or y axis) • A title (Y vs X) • Labels on each axis • Units for each axis • Appropriate scale (numbering on both axis)

  15. Example: Title Distance-Time Graph Label (Units) *Note: In Physics, time will always be the horizontal axis Scale Label (Units)

  16. 1.1 Motion Read pg.126-131

  17. Energy • Causes changes in the motion to occur to an object • It can speed objects up, slow them down or change their direction

  18. Uniform Motion • Describes a type of movement • It occurs when an object travels in a straight line at a constant speed • is difficult to maintain so ….we use AVERAGE SPEED

  19. v = d t  = change d = distance in m or km t = time in s or h v = speed in m/s or km/h

  20. Average Speed = distance traveled time v = d  t v = dfinal – dinitial tfinal – tinitial v = speed (m/s or km/h) d = change in distance (m or km) t = change in time (s or h)

  21. Δd Δt Example 1 A baseball travels 200 m in 1.50 seconds. What is the average speed of the baseball? ________ ________ v = d = 200 m v = ? t = 1.50 s v = 200m 1.50 s v = 133 m/s

  22. Δd Δt Try: a.) A baseball travels 20.0 m in 1.50 seconds. Calculate the average speed. d = 20.0 m v = t = 1.50 s v = ? v = 20.0 m 1.50 s v = 13.3 m/s

  23. Δd 200.0 m Δt 10.0 s b.) If Lance Armstrong bikes 200.0 m in 10.0 s, what is the cyclist’s average speed? v = d = 200.0 m t = 10.0 s v = v = ? v = 20.0 m/s

  24. Δd Δt c.) If a train traveled 100 km in 0.500 hours what is its speed in km/h and in m/s? d = 100 km v = 100 km 0.500 h 200 km/h t = 0.500 h v = v = ? v = 200 km x 1000 m/km 1 h x 60 min/h x 60 sec/min = 200 km/h 3.6 = 55.6 m/s

  25. Example 2 A car travels 1.00 km at a constant speed of 15 m/s. What time is required to cover this distance? Δd Δt ________ ________ v = d = 1.00 km = 1000 m v = 15 m/s t = ? t = d v t = 1000m 15 m/s t = 67 s

  26. Δd Δt Try: a.) How long would it take a car to travel 4000 m if its speed was 40.0 m/s? d = 4000 m v = v = 40.0 m/s t = d v = 4000 m 40.0 m/s = 100 s t = ?

  27. Δd Δt b.) How long would it take a car to travel 2000 m if its speed was 10.0 m/s? d = 2000 m v = v = 10.0 m/s t = d v = 2000 m 10.0 m/s = 200 s t = ?

  28. Δd Δt c.) How long would it take a car to travel 8000 m if its speed was 30.0 m/s? d = 8000 m v = v = 30.0 m/s t = d v = 8000 m 30.0 m/s = 267 s t = ?

  29. Δd Δt Example 3 A motorist travels 406 km in 4 hours and 15 minutes. What is the average speed in km/h and m/s? ________ ________ d = 406 km v= ? t = 4 hour + 15min 60 min/h = 4.25 h v = v = 406 km 4.25 h v = 95.5 km/h = /3.6 = 26.5 m/s v

  30. Δd Δt d = ? v = v = 2.00 m/s d = v t =2.00 x 60.0 = 120 m t = 1.00 min = 60.0 s Example 4. How far of a distance will a car cover if it travels 2.00 m/s for 1.00 min?

  31. Distance Time Graphs • distance varies directly with time when speed is constant • Have the following components: • time is the (x-axis) • distance is the (y-axis) • the slope of the line is the speed of an object

  32. speed describes the rate of motion an object has

  33. Distance-Time Graph distance (m) 20 40 60 80 100  d  t 0 1 2 3 4 5 time (s)

  34. slope = rise run = y2 – y1 x2 – x1 • The steepness of the graph is the slope • Example: slope = y2 – y1 x2 – x1 = 80m – 20m 4.0 s- 1.0 s = 20 m/s

  35. The steeper the slope the higher the speed. A B C Distance (m) time (s) Which line shows the greatest speed? The slowest speed?

  36. Try the Following: • Make a Distance time graph for the following • Calculate the speed of the boat

  37. Δd 30 m – 10 m Δt 6.0 s – 2.0 s v = = = 5.0 m/s V

  38. Speed- Time Graphs • The area under the graph is the distance an object travels • The slope of the line gives you information about the speed • E.g. • A slope of zero (flat line) = uniform motion • Upward slope = speed is increasing • Downward slope = speed is decreasing

  39. Speed (m/s) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Uniform Motion 0 2 4 6 8 10 Time (s)

  40. Speed (m/s) 5.0 10.0 Time (s) • Can be used to determine the distance an object travels…… calculate the area under the line Example 1 Calculate the area under the following speed-time graph up to 10.0 s. 10.0 0.0 5.0

  41. Speed (m/s) 5.0 10.0 Time (s) Solution Calculate the area under the following speed-time graph up to 10.0 s. 10.0 area =  w A = (10.0 s)(5.0 m/s) A = 50.0 m 0.0

  42. 10.0 Speed (m/s) 20.0 Time (s) Example 2 Calculate distance travelled by an object in 20.0s. 0.0

  43. 10.0 Speed (m/s) 20.0 Time (s) Solution Calculate distance travelled by an object in 20.0s. A= 1 b x h 2 A= 1 20 x 10 2 A = 100 m 0.0

  44. Try the Following Speed (m/s) 10.0 20.0 Time (s) Calculate distance travelled by an object in 40.0s. 30.0 20.0 0.0 40.0

  45. Solution Speed (m/s) 10.0 20.0 Time (s) Calculate distance travelled by an object in 40.0s. 30.0 20.0 A= 1 b x h 2 A= 1 40 x 25 2 A = 500 m 0.0 40.0

  46. 1.2 Velocity

  47. Vectors Verses Scalar • Scalar quantities: • involve only magnitude (amount) • Vector quantities: • involve both magnitude and direction • Are drawn using arrows E.g.) Speed = 20 m/s E.g.) Displacement = 20 m [N] Velocity = 20 m/s [N]

  48. Distance Verses Displacement • Distance (d) • is how far an object travels • It is a scalar quantity (magnitude) • Displacement (d) • Is change in both distance and direction • It is a vector quantity (magnitude and direction)

  49. Speed verses Velocity • Speed (v): • is the rate of an objects motion • It is a scalar quantity • The formula is: v= d  t v = speed  d = distance (dfinal – dinitial)  t = time

  50. v • Velocity ( ) • Describes the rate of motion and the direction of the object’s motion • It is a vector quantity • the formula is: vave = d  t vave = dfinal – dinitial tfinal - tinitial

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