1 / 15

Topic 4 Mark : Jesus as Suffering Messiah

Topic 4 Mark : Jesus as Suffering Messiah. Circumstances of origin Author Anonymous (all the gospels are). Tradition going back to Papias (c. 135) attributes to Mark, a disciple of Peter (see Harris, p. 128). Evaluation. Place Tradition: Rome Others: Syria; Palestine Date: 65-70

mikayla-washington
Download Presentation

Topic 4 Mark : Jesus as Suffering Messiah

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Topic 4 Mark: Jesus as Suffering Messiah • Circumstances of origin • Author • Anonymous (all the gospels are). • Tradition going back to Papias (c. 135) attributes to Mark, a disciple of Peter (see Harris, p. 128). • Evaluation. • Place • Tradition: Rome • Others: Syria; Palestine • Date: 65-70 • Nero’s persecution (64) • Fall of Jerusalem (70) • Purpose: Written in a time of crisis to strengthen Christians faced with suffering for the faith.

  2. Key themes in Mark • God’s agent in eschatological conflict with evil • Portrays Jesus’ ministry in terms of a “cosmic battle” with evil. • Kingdom of God – final reign of God, after evil is destroyed. • Sense of urgency – fast-paced; “immediately” 42 times. • Exorcisms: Jesus vs. demons; God vs. Satan (3:22-27). • Final victory won on Cross. • Powerful Son of God who dies sacrificially. • Background of “Son of God”: • OT: heavenly beings (angels); humans (Israel; king). • Judaism: Messiah; any righteous person who bears God’s character. • Greek world: Son of God = superhuman miracle-worker. • Occurences of “Son of God” in Mk.: • Superscription (1:1) • Baptism (1:10-11) – heavenly voice: “This is My Son.” • Exorcisms (3:11; 5:7) • Transfiguration (9:7) – heavenly voice: “This is My Son.” • Trial (14:61) • Death (15:39) – climax of Mk.; centurion; only human affirmation • Jesus’ sacrificial death reveals him to be Son of God. • It is the Cross of Christ that supremely reveals the character of God: sacrificial love.

  3. B. Key themes in Mark (cont.) 3. Heavenly Son of Man who must suffer. • Background of “Son of Man”: • OT – a human being • Apoc. lit. – heavenly Cosmic Judge who comes on clouds at End Time (Dan. 7:14). • Gospels – most freq. title for Jesus; used three ways: • Eschatological Son of Man (Mk. 13:26-27; 8:38). • Cosmic Judge who comes at end riding on clouds, etc. • “Parousia” expectation (“second” coming). • Earthly Son of Man (2:10, 27) – has authority. • Suffering Son of Man (8:31; 9:31; 10:33-34) – “Passion Predictions.” • The “Messianic Secret” • Famous term coined by W. Wrede (1901). • Jesus’ identity as Messiah is kept hidden (8:27-33). • Can’t be revealed until after death (9:9). • Only Jesus’ sacrificial death reveals what kind of Messiah he is.

  4. B. Key themes in Mark (cont.) • Centrality of the Passion • M. Kähler: “a passion narrative with an extended introduction.” • Six chapters devoted to “Passion Week” (ch. 11-16). • Ministry begins after arrest of John the Baptist (1:14). • Plot to kill Jesus as early as 3:6. • Passion Predictions central in ch. 8-10. • Jesus’ death is a sacrifice for others (10:45; 14:24; 15:38). • Call to discipleship • “Disciple” = pupil, learner, follower. • Abandon all to follow Jesus (teaching, example) • Willingness to suffer and die (8:34-38).

  5. Outline of Mark Galilee (1-8)Journey (8-10)Jerusalem (11-16) (pop.; success) (Peter’s Confession; (rejection; death) Passion Predictions) 1:1-13 Introduction • John the Baptist – eschatological prophet; forerunner of Messiah • Baptism of Jesus – called to be “servant Messiah” • Temptation – 40 days “testing” in wilderness 1:14-8:26 Galilee Ministry ch. 1 Beginnings: only after John’s arrest • Preaching the “Kingdom of God” (1:14-15) – main theme in teaching of historical Jesus (all 3 Synoptics) • Calling first disciples: Simon (Peter) & Andrew; James & John • Healing: unclean spirit; fever; leprosy; etc. • Fame spreads; crowds gather. Baptism & Temptation Galilee Ministry

  6. 1:14-8:26 Galilee Ministry (cont.) ch. 2-3 Controversies – over various issues: • Forgiving sins (2:1-12) • Eating with tax collectors and sinners (2:13-17) • Fasting (2:18-22) • Sabbath observance (2:23-3:6) • Exorcisms (3:22-30) Perplexity of Jesus’ family (3:21, 31-35) Appointment of the Twelve (3:13-19) • Disciple = pupil, learner, follower. • Apostle = one sent out as authorized messenger. • Twelve symbolize restoration of Israel. • “Disciples” include more than the 12.

  7. 1:14-8:26 Galilee Ministry (cont.) ch. 4 Parables (Make list of Synoptic parables covered; study carefully.) • Mustard Seed (vv. 30-32) • Contrast: small start, big result. • K of G is already present (“embryonically”) in Jesus’ ministry but not yet in its fullness. (Assures that it will come.) • Sower (vv. 3-9) • Contrasts wasted seed with successful seed. • Despite failures/setbacks Jesus’ ministry will bring K of G. • Allegorical interpretation (v. 14-20) – perhaps added by early church; admonishes proper response to preaching of word. ch. 4-5 Miracles – four types • Calming a storm – nature miracle • Gerasene demoniac – exorcism • Raising Jairus’ daughter – resuscitation • Healing a hemorrhaging woman – healing • Note Mark’s “framing” technique. • Jairus’ daughter / Hemorrhaging woman / Jairus’ daughter

  8. 1:14-8:26 Galilee Ministry (cont.) Perspectives on Jesus’ miracles: • Not unique to Jesus. • Do not “prove” claims about Jesus. • Opponents acknowledge Jesus’ miracles but attribute to Satan (3:22-30). • To the “eyes of faith,” they are signs of the in-breaking Kingdom of God (3:27; cf. Lk. 11:20). ch. 6-8 Tensions and withdrawals ch. 6 Rejection in Nazareth Mission of the Twelve – preaching and healing Death of John the Baptist Feeding 5,000 (Messiah for Israel) ch. 7 Controversy over ritual purity Healing Gentiles ch. 8 Feeding 4,000 (Messiah for Gentiles) Refusal to give a sign Rebuke of disciples’ blindness Healing a blind man (8:22-26)

  9. Healing a blind man (8:22-26) – “framing” 8:27-10:52 Journey to Jerusalem– central transition section • Peter’s Confession at Caesarea Philippi (8:27-33) – turning point in Mk’s plot • “You are the Messiah/Christ” – first open declaration • Command to silence – and announcement of “passion” • Passion Predictions (8:31; 9:31; 10:33-34) – on way to Jerus. • Prediction; misunderstanding; rebuke. • Closest followers fail to understand until after Cross/Res. • Healing a blind man (10:46-52) – “framing” 11:1-16:8 Jerusalem Ministry ch. 11 Arrival in Jerusalem – several “symbolic actions” • Triumphal entry (Sunday) – demonstration of Jesus’ “kingship” • Cleansing the Temple (Monday) – prophetic action against temple corruption • Symbolizes “purification” or “doom” of Temple? • Mk’s framing by “Cursing” the fig tree – interprets as judgment • Cursing the fig tree/Cleansing the Temple/Cursing the fig tree ch. 12 Teaching in the Temple (Tuesday) • Parable of Wicked Tenants – scathing attack on religious leaders • Controversies with religious leaders

  10. Traditional House of the Upper Room 11:1-16:8 Jerusalem Ministry (cont.) ch. 13 Eschatological discourse • Warnings: persecution; war; destruction of temple; cosmic catastrophes • Promises: “Parousia” of Son of Man; salvation of the faithful • End is near (v. 29-30) – time is uncertain (v. 32). ch. 14 Betrayal, Last Supper, Arrest Anointing in Bethany (Wed.) Judas Iscariot’s plot to betray Jesus Last Supper (Thursday evening) • Passover meal (Syn.; not in Jn.) • “Upper room” in Jerusalem • Predicts betrayal • Interprets his death – covenant sacrifice (v. 22-25)

  11. ch. 14 Betrayal, Last Supper, Arrest (cont.) Gethsemane–olive grove on Mount of Olives; prayer of agony Arrest – kiss of Judas; prohibits defense by sword; disciples scatter

  12. ch. 14 Betrayal, Last Supper, Arrest (cont.) Trial before Sanhedrin (Jewish council) • Accused of threatening Temple (doesn’t stick) • Condemned for blasphemy Peter’s Denial • Denies Jesus three times • “Frames” Sanhedrin trial Modern church built on traditional site of Caiaphas’ house. Steps may be first-century.

  13. ch. 15 Condemnation, Death, Burial (Friday) Trial before Pontius Pilate(Roman governor) • Accused of insurrection, sedition (claiming to be “king”) • Pilate’s reluctance to condemn • Release of Barabbas (an insurrectionist) – failed attempt to satisfy chief priests by offering to pardon Jesus • Condemned, mocked, scourged Crucifixion • At Golgotha (Calvary), between two rebels, about 9 a.m. • Death – about 3 p.m.; cosmic signs: darkness, earthquake, tearing of temple veil • Who killed Jesus? • Wrong to blame “the Jews” • Historically, executed by Rome • Theologically, died for sins of all Burial • In a tomb; by Joseph of Arimathea • Unusual for crucifixion victim to get proper burial “Gordon’s Calvary”

  14. ch. 16 Discovery of Empty Tomb (Sunday) • Women come at dawn to anoint Jesus’ body. • “Angel” announces resurrection of Jesus. • Instructions to go to Galilee, where Jesus will appear. • “They went out and said nothing to anyone, for they were afraid” (v. 8). • Did Mark tell resurrection appearance in Galilee? Garden Tomb

  15. Ending of Mark uncertain(Greek manuscripts have different endings): • Abrupt ending (ends at 16:8) – oldest mss. • Longer ending (adds v. 9-20) – most later mss.; “Received Text” • Shorter ending (adds brief ending) – few mss. • Lost ending ?

More Related