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Decolonization

Decolonization. Independence in Nigeria. Nigeria Before Colonization. Nigeria contains more historical cultures and empires than any other nation in Africa dating back to 5 th Century AD The first people of Nigeria are the Nok People whose influence spread throughout Africa

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Decolonization

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  1. Decolonization

  2. Independence in Nigeria

  3. Nigeria Before Colonization • Nigeria contains more historical cultures and empires than any other nation in Africa dating back to 5th Century AD • The first people of Nigeria are the Nok People whose influence spread throughout Africa • By the 18th century many groups had populated the region that is Nigeria today • Yoruba, Hausa, Igbo, Falani, Ife, Benin, and Sokoto

  4. European- African Trade Relationships • British interest in the Nigeria region begins as early as 1806 • 1821- British government sponsors an expedition south of the Sahara dessert to the Lake Chad region through Hausa territory • 1830- British explore along the Niger river to the cost at Lagos • British spend the rest of the century establishing trading relationships with tribes along the Niger River and along the coast. • Oil River Region- Palm Oil valuable trading product

  5. British Colonization • 1884- Berlin Conference- Niger River Region falls to the British in the Scramble for Africa • 1900- Royal Niger Company loses charter in the region ending British indirect rulein the region • Region divided in Southern Nigeria and Protectorate of Northern Nigeria • 1914- Region is united into Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria

  6. Food for Thought What effect do you think World War II is going to have on British control in Nigeria?

  7. The Road to Independence • After WWII demands for political power begin to take hold in Africa • 1951- Nigeria is divided into 3 regions(Northern, Eastern and Western) with their own house assembly • Legislative Council for all of Nigeria • 1954- new constitution forms Federation of Nigeria • 1957- federal Prime Minister appointed in Nigeria • 1960- Nigeria given its complete independence from British rule and begins its first attempt at democracy

  8. Consider the Following…. What are some problems that the newly independent Nigeria may face?

  9. Tribal and Regional Tensions • Hausa-Fulani (North) • 65% of the population in the north • Yoruba (West) • 75% of the population in the southwest • Igbo (East) • 60-70% of the population in the southeast

  10. Problems with Independence • European made borders cause tribal tension in Nigeria • 1966- Yakubu Gowon becomes leader of Nigeria under military control after Igbo rebellion in the East • Divides Nigeria into 12 states • May 1967-Igbo people in the east declare their independence from Nigeria and form the Republic of Biafra

  11. Civil War • July 1967- Civil War breaks out in an attempt the reunite the Republic of Biafra with Nigeria • US and Britain provide arms and aid to Nigeria while France backs Biafra • Nigerian Army meets strong resistance from Biafran rebels • Nigerian government cuts off all food supply to Biafra

  12. Starvation Ends the War • 600,000 people in Biafra die mostly from starvation • January 1970- Biafra surrenders and ceases to exist • Nigeria is united under Military Rule until 1979

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