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LBNE Project Status and potential collaborations

LBNE Project Status and potential collaborations. Jim Strait, Fermilab LBNE Project Director. CERN - Fermilab Meeting 11 February 2014. Importance of LBNE Science. The science of LBNE has been widely recognized to be a top priority.

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LBNE Project Status and potential collaborations

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  1. LBNE ProjectStatus and potential collaborations Jim Strait, Fermilab LBNE Project Director CERN - Fermilab Meeting 11 February 2014

  2. CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014

  3. CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014

  4. Importance of LBNE Science The science of LBNE has been widely recognized to be a top priority. The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) will measure the mass hierarchy and is uniquely positioned to determine whether leptons violate CP. Future multi-megawatt beams aimed at LBNE, such as those from Project X at Fermilab, would enable studies of CP violation in neutrino oscillations with conclusive accuracy. An underground LBNE detector would also permit the study of atmospheric neutrinos, proton decay, and precision measurement of any galactic supernova explosion. This represents a vibrant global program with the U.S. as host. Report of the 2013 “Snowmass” Summer Study The European Strategy for Particle Physics, Update 2013 CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014

  5. LBNE-doc-7074 Sample with bullet points LongBaselineNeutrinoExperiment • First Bullet • Second Bullet • More • Yet more • Still more • Less important • Trivial New Neutrino Beam at Fermilab… Precision Near Detector on the Fermilab site …aimed at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF)in Lead, South Dakota 35 kton Liquid Argon TPC Far Detectorat a depth of 4850 feet And all the Conventional Facilities required to support the beam and detectors LBNE CD-1 Director's Review - 26-30 March 2012

  6. Evolution of U.S. Neutrino Experiments operating since 2005 350 kW (>400 kW) MINOS (far) at 2340 ft level 5 kton MINOS (near) 735 km (on-axis) MINERvA MiniBooNE

  7. Evolution of U.S. Neutrino Experiments under construction online 2014 700 kW operating since 2005 350 kW (>400 kW) MINOS (far) at 2340 ft level 5 kton NOvA (far) Surface 14 kton MINOS (near) 735 km (on-axis) 810 km (off-axis) MINERvA NOvA (near) MiniBooNE MicroBooNE under construction (LAr TPC)

  8. Evolution of U.S. Neutrino Experiments under construction online 2014 700 kW operating since 2005 350 kW (>400 kW) MINOS (far) at 2340 ft level 5 kton NOvA (far) Surface 14 kton MINOS (near) 735 km (on-axis) 810 km (off-axis) 1300 km (on-axis) MINERvA LBNE Far detector at 4850 ft level >10 kton  35 kton LAr TPC 1.2 MW  2.3 MW proton beam New beamline Near detector NOvA (near) MiniBooNE MicroBooNE under construction (LAr TPC)

  9. LBNE Design Status LBNE has a well-developed conceptual design for the full-project • Neutrino beam at Fermilab for 1.2 MW initial operation, upgradeable to ≥ 2.3 MW. • Highly-capable near detector on the Fermilab site • 34 kt fiducial mass (50 kt total mass) LAr TPC far detector at • A baseline of 1300 km • A depth of 4300 m.w.e. at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota • This conceptual design was developed assuming this was a purely U.S. DOE-funded project. It has been independently reviewed and found to be sound. CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014

  10. International Partnership • DOE has asked us to stage the construction of LBNE and has given us a budget of $867M for the first stage. • They have also encouraged us to develop new partnerships to maximize the scope of the first stage. • There is substantial international interest in LBNE, and we are proceeding to develop the design in an international context. CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014

  11. LBNE Beamline Design Antiproton Source Tevatron Kirk Rd NEAR DETECTOR Main Injector The lattice design of the primary proton beam requires about 80 conventional magnets Ready for beam in 2022/2023 (depending on funding) CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014

  12. Target Hall/Decay Pipe Layout Decay Pipe concrete shielding (5.5 m) Considering a 250 m long, helium-filled Decay Pipe Geomembrane barrier system to keep groundwater out of decay region, target chase and absorber hall Baffle/Target Carrier Target Chase: 1.6 m/1.4 m wide, 24.3 m long CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014

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  16. Neutrino Flux Spectrumat Far Detector in the Absence of Oscillations 2nd 1stOsc Max CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014

  17. Beam Improvements Under Consideration • Target/horn system can be replaced with more advanced designs as they become available. • Decay pipe design must be fixed at the beginning. • First four improvements appear technically and financially feasible. • The last two proposals regarding the decay pipe diameter and length are still under study. 31% 34% CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014

  18. Further Improvements: More Efficient Focusing • LBNE began development of a horn optimized for low-energy flux, but has put it on hold due to budgetary limitations. • The current plan uses the NuMI design, which is well optimized for the 1st , but not the 2nd oscillation max. CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014

  19. Further Improvements: More Efficient Focusing 1st Horn: NuMI Design + 30% at 2ndosc. Max … not fully optimized yet. This is an excellent opportunity for new collaborators to significantly improve the capabilities of LBNE. 1st Horn: LBNE Design CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014

  20. Areas for Potential Collaboration • Magnets • Dipoles (providing dipole coils or building the magnets as well) • Correctors • Quadrupole magnet power supplies • Primary Beamline instrumentation (BLMs/TLMs, Profile monitors, IPMs,…) • Target and Baffle support module • Target R&D – higher beam power or alternate materials • Support modules for the two horns • Upstream decay pipe window • Hadron Monitor (both R&D and building it) • Remote handling • Design and manufacturing of stainless steel cooling panels for the target chase shield pile and additional steel for it CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 20

  21. Areas for Potential Collaboration • Hadron absorber design and construction • Horn development for higher beam power and increased low-energy neutrino flux • Corrosion studies for target chase, decay pipe and absorber • Radionuclide handling (Na22, H3, Ar41) • Radiation simulation verification – simulate known irradiations at known facilities and compare with actual measurements • Hadron production studies that provide essential input for the prediction of the neutrino flux • Beam simulations • …… CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 21

  22. Near Detector System Near Detector System comprises two main elements: • Muon detector array just downstream of the absorber • Precision measurements focused on the lowest-energy muons, which correlate with the relevant part of the neutrino spectrum. • Potentially can provide absolute normalization for beam. • Near Neutrino Detector about 500 m from the target. • High-precision, high-statistics measurements of neutrino interactions with the un-oscillated beam. • Provide relative and absolute normalization of the initial neutrino flux of all four species: nm, n‾m, ne, n‾e CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014

  23. Measurements of muons post-absorber Cherenkov Detectors: measure all muons above a variable threshold constrains muon spectrum (correlated with En) Michel Decay Detectors: measure muons that stop at a given depth in material constrains muon spectrum Ionization Chambers: spill-by-spill beam profile • p+m+ + nm • Eν=(0-0.43)Eπ • Eμ=Eπ-Eν=(0.57-1.0)Eπ CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014

  24. Prototype Muon Detectors in NuMI Beamline Cherenkov Detector Stopped Muon Detector CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014

  25. Near Neutrino Detector • Proposed by collaborators from the Indian institutions • High precision straw-tube tracker with embedded high-pressure argon gas targets • 4p electromagnetic calorimeter and muon identification systems • Large-aperture dipole magnet • Philosophy • make high-precision, high-statistics measurements of neutrino interactions with argon (far detector nucleus) • measure inclusive and exclusive cross-sections to build and constrain models to predict the event signatures at the far site and correlate them with the true neutrino energy • make detailed studies of electron (and muon) neutrinos and anti-neutrinos separately CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014

  26. Far Detector LBNE Liquid Argon TPC GOAL: 34 kt fiducial mass Volume: 18m x 23m x 51m x 2 Total Liquid Argon Mass: ~50,000 tonnes Based on the ICARUS design CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014

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  30. Cryogenic System CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014

  31. 35t Cryostat “Proof of Suitability” Goals • Prove that ultra high purity operation is achievable with membrane cryostats. • Verify that the non-evacuable design functions • Develop contracting and oversight models with industry LAPD Purification Piping LBNE 35 Ton Tank CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014

  32. View Inside 35 t Crysotat Cryogenic services under Plate B Purity Monitors (Drift Chambers) Membrane tank convolutions for shrinkage Designed by the Japanese company IHI using LNG industry technology and built at FNAL using the IHI oversight and local labor (model foreseen for the final construction) CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014

  33. Purity Achieved in 35 t Cryostat CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014

  34. Next Step: Prototype TPC in 35 t Cryostat Foam insulation 20 cm short drift region First APA plane being wound ~2m drift region Concrete Photon Detectors (8 total) In 4 APAs CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014

  35. Full-Scale Prototype in LAGUNA-LBNO Cryostat • We hope to be able to test full-scale LBNE drift cell(s) in the 8x8x8 m3cryostat to be built at CERN as part of WA105. • Additional benefits of LBNE-LBNO collaboration: • Learn both GTT and IHItechnology • Compare other technology approaches, e.g. HV feedthroughs orpurification systems • Compare response ofsingle- and dual-phaseTPCs to charged particletest beam CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014

  36. Areas of Potential Collaboration • Cryogenics and cryostat system • Refrigeration systems • Purification systems • Cryostat design and construction • Detector system development and construction • Anode and cathode planes and field cage • Photon detectors • Calibration systems • Electronics and DAQ • Detector prototype tests, together with LAGUNA-LBNO, as part of WA105 • Participation in ICARUS refurbishment and possible implementation of magnetic field as part of WA104. CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014

  37. Towards an International LBNE Based on the substantial interest by many groups in many countries to participate in and contribute to the construction of LBNE, we can start to sketch what a possible internationalized LBNE might look like. To develop a plan, we make a number of general assumptions: • Conventional facilities will be funded by mainly or entirely by the DOE. Illinois and South Dakota have already invested in Fermilab and SURF, and may in the future contribute to the conventional facilities construction for LBNE. • Construction of the beamline will be anchored by Fermilab/DOE, but with significant in-kind contributions from other partners. • Contributions from non-US partners will be in-kind and will focus on the construction of the detectors, both near and far, including cryogenic infrastructure for the far detector. • Funding from other domestic funding source(s) would concentrate on the detectors, to enabling scientific research beyond what the DOE-funded CD-1 configuration could provide. CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014

  38. Scenarios for an International LBNE We are focused on developing Scenario C CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014

  39. Scenario C DOE/HEP funding ($867M) would provide: • Much of the civil engineering for the beamline, near detector, and for a 34 kt fiducial mass far detector at a depth of 4850 feet. • Some of the beamline technical systems. • Muon detectors to monitor the neutrino beam. • Partial funding for a 5 kt fiducial mass far detector module. • Modest partial funding for the near detector. If other domestic funding source(s) would provide: • The remaining funding for a 5 kt fiducial mass far detector module. • Modest partial funding for the near detector. And if state funding would provide: • Contribution to conventional facilities at Fermilab and/or SURF And if other countries provide: • Additional far detector module(s), ≥ 5 kt, including cryogenic infrastructure • A high-performance near neutrino detector system. • Some beamline technical system(s). CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014

  40. Schedule • We have fully developed and reviewed CD-1-level schedules for LBNE, assumed to be fully funded by DOE. • Detailed schedules involving non-DOE partners cannot be made yet. • However, an estimate can be made using information from the two well developed schedules and the following assumptions:- International agreements sufficient to baseline the DOE- funded project can be put in place in ~ 3 years. • - Technical planning can precede the finalization of the formal agreements.- The DOE-funded project will proceed according to a funding profile similar to the current guidance from DOE/HEP.- We have freedom to proceed with parts of the project that are ready to go without waiting for others that may take longer. • Goal to complete LBNE construction and start operation no later than 2025 (consistent with CD-4 milestone in CD-1 plan) The sooner the better CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014

  41. Schedule for International LBNE Design start October 2014 As much as we can As much as we can Fill the rest of the afford now afford now cavern Input needed on detector requirements CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014

  42. Summary and Conclusions • The science of LBNE is a top priority for both the US and Europe. • The LBNE Collaboration is growing rapidly, with many non-US groups joining. • International partnership is necessary to develop and build a fully capable LBNE. • There are many opportunities for new partners to significantly improve the design and the physics LBNE can do. • CERN can play a crucial role in enabling this important program, and we look forward to a close collaboration. CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014

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