Peculiarities of the use of structural parts of speech in English literature : Prepositions

1. Peculiarities of the use of structural parts of speech in English literature: Prepositions done by Petro Melnyk EPh group 13

2. Urgency • To avoid difficulties with the literary translation of prepositions. • need to study their features, characteristics and use of classification in modern English.

3. Aim • The aim of this presentation is to tell about the usage of prepositions in English language and literature.

4. Main tasks • 1)To submit the theme in the next way: • to tell about the main groups of prepositions. • to mention the peculiarities of their usage with other parts of speech. • to give thecharacteristic of prepositions. • 2)To make the conclusion • 3) To give a short test checking the attention of the audience.

5. Preposition • Preposition is a part of speech which denotes the relation between objects and phenomena. It shows the relations between a noun or a pronoun and other words. • Defining the preposition there are three main properties: • 1) the preposition is a functional part of speech and cannot perform an independent syntactic function. • 2) the preposition is a word expressing subordinate relations between lexical parts of speech • 3)the preposition is a word with an obligatory pre-nounal position: it may follow almost any part of speech, but it must precede a noun or its syntactic equivalent.

6. Position of prepositions • Prepositions normally precede nouns or pronouns. In two constructions, however it is possible in informal English to move the preposition to the end of the sentence: • 1) In questions beginning with a preposition+ whom/which/what/whose/where • Tom whom were you talking? (formal) • Who were you talking to? (informal) • 2) Similarly in relative clauses, a preposition placed before whom/which can be moved to the end of the clause. • the people with whom I was travelling (formal) • The people I was travelling with (informal)

7. Morphological structure • Prepositions, like functional parts of speech in general, are a complicated and controversial phenomenon. • As to their morphological structure, prepositions fall under the following groups: • 1)simple ( in, on, at, for, with) • 2)derivative (behind, below, across, along) • 3)compound (inside , outside, within, without ) • 4)composite (because of, in front of, in accordance with)

8. Prepositions of time

9. Prepositions of place:

10. Prepositions of Cause & Purpose

11. Prepositions of passage

12. Other meanings

13. Fixed Expressions

14. Conclusion • This presentation helped me to refresh my knowledge about prepositions. I find out much more about their usage, clasification and role in the sentence . I am sure that this experience will be very useful for me in the future.

15. Test • 1) He made his escape by jumping ______ a window and jumping ______ a waiting car. • A) over / into • B) between / into • C) out of / between • D) out of / into • 2) To get to the Marketing department, you have to go ______ those stairs and then ______ the corridor to the end. • A) up / along • B) between / into • C) out of / between • D) out of / into • 3) I saw something about it ______ television. • A) on • B) at • C) through • D) with

16. 4) She took the key ______ her pocket and put it ________ the lock. • A) between / into • B) out of / in • C) by / on • D) up to / out • 5) I went ______ him and asked him the best way to get ______ town. • A) towards / over • B) along / up • C) by / on • D) up to / out of • 6) The restaurant is ______ the High Street, ______ the cinema. • A) out of / in • B) under / around • C) in / next to • D) up / along

17. 7) Sally left school ______ the age of 16 and went to work ______ a bank. • A) out of / in • B) under / around • C) in / next to • D) at / in • 8) He jumped ______ the wall and ______ the garden. • over / into • towards / over • along / up • by / on • 9) John is the person standing ______ the window, ______ the woman with the long blonde hair. • A) at / into • B) beside / next to • C) under / around • D) in / next to

18. Used literature • M.A Ganshina N.M Vasilevskaya English Grammar ninth edition. Higher school house .Moscow.1964 [p316-319] • Practical English Grammar.A.J.Thomson Fourth edition.Oxford University Press London.1985 /381 [p 91-104] • Houghton Miffin Company. Ann Cole Brown.Boston.1984/260 [p 29-31] • Iryna Alexeyeva.Курс практичної граматики суч. англійської мови.навч.посіб.-В.:Нова книга.-2007.-328ст.[cт 160-164]

19. Marianne Celce-Murcia. Diana Larsen-Freeman. The grammar book . Teachers course. Boston 1983- 655[250-263] • Л.М. Черноватий С.Л Пчеліна. В.І. Карабан. Практична граматика з англійської мови . Посібник для студентів вищих навч. закл. освіт. Т1.-В.; Нова книга, 2005.-298[57-65] • 1)http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/prepositions[here you will find the main groups of preposition and some information about their usage]

20. 2)http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/grammar/preposition.asp [ here you will find the main information about prepositions and their characteristic] • 3) http://vlc.polyu.edu.hk/vlc/preps/preptable.htm [in this site you will find the classification of prepositions with the examples] • 4) http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/prepositions.htm [here you can find the main information about their usage and the list of English prepositions ] • 5) http://cad.ntu-kpi.kiev.ua/~demch/friends/esl4rus/prepositions.html [the main rules and the classification of prepositions]