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Soft X-ray Telescope X-ray mirrors and CCD detectors By S.Amruthavalli

Soft X-ray Telescope X-ray mirrors and CCD detectors By S.Amruthavalli Under the guidance of Prof. K.P.Singh DAA. My Project. Fabrication of X-ray mirrors: Sputtering Interfacing RAM with FPGA. Contents of Presentation Introduction

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Soft X-ray Telescope X-ray mirrors and CCD detectors By S.Amruthavalli

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  1. Soft X-ray Telescope X-ray mirrors and CCD detectors By S.Amruthavalli Under the guidance of Prof. K.P.Singh DAA

  2. My Project • Fabrication of X-ray mirrors: Sputtering • Interfacing RAM with FPGA.

  3. Contents of Presentation • Introduction • X-ray mirrors • Theory of X-ray reflection • Process of fabrication • Sputtering • CCD Detectors • Introduction to CCD • FPGA • Interfacing RAM and FPGA • References

  4. Introduction SOFT X-RAY TELESCOPE ( SXT): • SXT is one of the scientific instruments onboard ASTROSAT. • A grazing incidence X-ray Telescope • Mirror assembly • X-ray CCD at the focus.

  5. Theory of X-RAY Grazing Incidence Reflection n = 1 - d - ib d = NoZre p λ2 A 2π By Snell’s Law cos αt = 1-d (αt is the grazing angle) For d<<1, αt = √2d If Z/A ~ 0.5 then αt = 5.6 λ √ p

  6. Wolter I type configuration

  7. Theory of X-RAYs (contd.) Imaging of X-rays: • Conical Approximation to Wolter type I: Paraboloid (1-alpha) + Hyperboloid (3-alpha)

  8. SXT: A Schematic Overview

  9. X-RAY Mirror FabricationSTEP 1 : Substrate formation

  10. X-RAY Mirror FabricationSTEP 2 : Glass Coating

  11. X-RAY Mirror FabricationSTEP 3 : Replication

  12. X-RAY Mirror FabricationSTEP 3 : Replication (contd.)

  13. SPUTTERING

  14. SPUTTERING (contd.)A DC Sputtering system

  15. SPUTTERING (contd.) Some important aspects: • Argon gas • Pressure Range : 30-120 mtorr • Voltage range : 500V to 5000V

  16. CCD detector • EEV CCD22 IMAGE REGION: Imaging area : ~ 2.4 X 2.4 cm. 600 X 602 array of 40µm X 40µm pixels STORAGE REGION:600 X 602 pixel array of 39 X 12µm pitch. OPERATING MODE:Photon counting mode

  17. Schematic of CCD

  18. SXT Electronics Block Diagram

  19. FPGA: Actel ProAsic Plus APA150General Structure

  20. Interfacing RAM with FPGA • Need? • FPGA used: Actel ProAsic Plus APA150. • RAM used: HM6264 (8k) • Need for buffer and Latch

  21. Hardware circuit

  22. Softwares used Microcontroller: Programming MC: Labtool FPGA: Program: Libero (Verilog HDL) Hardware: PROTEL DXP Programming FPGA: Actel Flash pro

  23. CONCLUSION 1) I was involved in sputtering of 15 glass mandrels out of which in 9 the gold was transferred successfully onto Al foils. 2) RAM was first interfaced with Microcontroller. The hardware and software was tested. Later the program was adopted for FPGA using Verilog HDL and the hardware was designed in PROTEL.

  24. REFERENCES • B Aschenbach in “Reports of Progress in Physics” (1985). • Report on “Laboratory X-ray CCD camera electronics” by Department of Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University. • “Glow Discharge Process” by Brian Chapman

  25. Acknowledgements • I am extremely grateful to Prof K.P. Singh for his invaluable guidance. I am obliged to have worked under him encouraged me to do develop a pragmatic approach to whatever I do. • I also wish to thank Ms. Nisha Yadav who patiently taught me the process of X-ray mirror fabrication. I am thankful to Mr. Dinesh Gupta who helped me through out in the electronics part. I am also thankful to Mr. Irfan who helped me debug the programs.

  26. THANK YOU

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