Thursday, August 29, 2013 US History

1. Thursday, August 29, 2013US History 1. We are continuing the test, but just the WRITING part – only 30 minutes 2. Write the following questions in your notes. We will use them after the Writing. 3. Get ready to move to the Auditorium, again!! 02 Prior Knowledge Which European nations(s) established colonies along the Atlantic Coast of North America? Which European nation(s) established colonies in the center of North America? Which European nation(s) established colonies in the Southern end of North American? Which European nation(s) establish colonies in the Northern part of North America?

2. Chapter Introduction This chapter will cover how and why Europeans established colonies in the Americas. • Section 1: Spain’s Empire in the Americas • Section 2: The French Empire • Section 3: England’s Southern Colonies • Section 4: The New England Colonies • Section 5: The Middle Colonies

3. How did Spain strengthen its colonies in the Americas? Objectives • Explain Spanish explorers’ achievements. • Describe Spanish society in New Spain and Peru. • Evaluate the causes and effects of Spanish imperial policies in the American Southwest.

4. Europeans Explore the Americas, 1497–1682

5. Explain Spanish explorers’ achievements. Divisions among European nations caused conflict. The conflict was carried to the new colonies in the Americas.

6. Explain Spanish explorers’ achievements. • New Spain: Present-day Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean • Peru: All of present-day South America except for Brazil To protect its colonies, Spain organized its territory in the Americas into two viceroyalties or sections.

7. The viceroys shared power with a Crown-appointed council and the Catholic archbishop. Explain Spanish explorers’ achievements. The Spanish king appointed viceroysto rule New Spain and Peru. • Spain did not permit elected assemblies in their colonies.

8. Explain Spanish explorers’ achievements. Spain also sent conquistadors in the 1500s to North America to claim land that became part of the viceroyalty of New Spain.

9. Explain Spanish explorers’ achievements. The Spanish built a fort at San Luis, the western capital of the Spanish colonies in Florida.

10. To control the people in the colonies, theSpaniards developed a system of racial hierarchy or racial levels, known as castas. Describe Spanish society in New Spain and Peru. The main social levels were:

11. Describe Spanish society in New Spain and Peru. Evaluate the causes and effects of Spanish imperial policies in the American Southwest.

12. Evaluate the causes and effects of Spanish imperial policies in the American Southwest. Conditions between the Spanish and the Indians worsened in the 1600s. The friars used Spanish soldiers to frighten the Indians into adopting Spanish ways. Many Indians died from diseases they got from the Spanish. In the Spanish colony of New Mexico, 23,000Pueblo died between 1638 and 1660.

13. Evaluate the causes and effects of Spanish imperial policies in the American Southwest. Fed up with Spanish rule, the Pueblo revolted against the Spanish and destroyed and plundered missions, farms, and ranches. Spanish settlers and missionariesfled to the southern section of present-day New Mexico. A Pueblo leader, Popé, led the revolt.

14. Because he encouraged the Pueblo to follow the old ways, he was publicly whipped by the Spanish. Popé convinced the Apaches to join him in revolt. In 1680, they defeated the Spanish. For twelve years, Popé governed the Pueblo. Evaluate the causes and effects of Spanish imperial policies in the American Southwest. Popé was a Pueblo shaman, or spiritual leader, in New Mexico.

15. Evaluate the causes and effects of Spanish imperial policies in the American Southwest. Sometime before 1690 Popé died. Within three years, the Spanish reclaimed New Mexico. The bloody conflict between the Pueblo and Spanish taught each side to compromise. They worked together against warring Indian tribes. Spanish practiced greater restrain toward Pueblo Pueblo accepted Spanish authority

16. Spanish America Explorers Missions Presidios Native Americans DeSoto, Coronado, Avilés run by friars forts built by soldiers victims of disease & violence converted Indians protected the missions expanded empire forced to convert & work banned worship of katsinas served as military bases conquered natives Popé’s rebellion

17. How did Spain strengthen its colonies in the Americas? In the 1500s, Spain gained control of lands rich in gold and silver in the Caribbean and North and South America. Soon other European nations vied for territory to build colonies in the Americas. Explain Spanish explorers’ achievements. Describe Spanish society in New Spain and Peru. Evaluate the causes and effects of Spanish imperial policies in the American Southwest.