Hazardous Materials Operations N.F.P.A. 472 – 2008 Chapters 6 “Mission Specific”

1. Hazardous Materials Operations N.F.P.A. 472 – 2008 Chapters 6 “Mission Specific” January 01, 2010

2. Objective After Completing this Course, the Student will Demonstrate a Knowledge of Hazardous Materials Practices and Procedures in Accordance with N.F.P.A. 472-2008 Operational Mission Specific “Response to Illicit Laboratory Incidents” with 70% Accuracy on a Written Exam Hazardous Materials Operations N.F.P.A. 472 – 2008 Chapters 6 “Mission Specific”

3. Module 8Mission-SpecificResponsibilitiesResponse to IllicitLaboratory Incidents NFPA 6.9

4. Response to Illicit Laboratory Incidents • Introduction • Operations Level • Assigned to Respond to; Illicit Laboratory • Competent with Violations of Criminal Statutes specific to Illegal manufacture Methamphetamines, drugs or WMD: • Secure Scene • Identify Process • Preserve Evidence NFPA 6.9.1.1.1 / 6.9.1.1.2 / 6.9.1.1.3 / 6.9.1.1.4

5. Important Note • Some information may be taken from Chapter 7: Hazardous Materials Technician • Operations Level may be asked to perform at this level but Do Not Replace HMT. • Direct Guidance:Working under control of an HMT continually being assessed / feedback NFPA 6.9.1.1.3

6. Response to Illicit Laboratory Incidents • Written Guidance: • Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) • Standard Operating Guidance (SOGs) • “Rules of Engagement” at Operations Level • Task expected of Operations Level Responders • Task beyond the capability of Operations Level Responders • Required PPE and equipment to perform these expected task • Procedures for ensuring coordination within the local ICS NFPA 6.9.1.1.3

7. Goal • The goal of the competencies in this section shall be to provide the operations level responder assigned to respond to illicit laboratory incidents with the knowledge and skills to perform the task in 6.9.1.2.2 safely and effectively. NFPA 6.9.1.2.1

8. Response to Illicit Laboratory Incidents When responding to hazardous materials / WMD incidents, the operations level responder assigned to respond to illicit laboratory incidents shall be able to perform the following tasks: NFPA 6.9.1.2.2

9. Goal • Analyze • Plan • Implement • Evaluate • Terminate NFPA 6.9.1.2.2

10. Response to Illicit Laboratory Incidents Analyze a hazardous materials / WMD incident to determine the complexity of the problem and potential outcomes and whether the incident is potentially a criminal illicit laboratory operation. NFPA 6.9.1.2.2(1)

11. Recognize Meth Labs? Meth can be made with containers and utensils found in the house!

12. Recognize Meth Labs? • The chemistry, although hazardous, is relatively simple, and is run by street “cooks”. • Meth can be “cooked” in stages. Mason™ jars and similar containers are popular with cooks. The liquid in the jars is more likely an ignitable solvent. Meth chemicals can be purchased at most any discount store!

13. Recognize Meth Labs? • Recognizing hazards responders can discover a lab before they are at high risk. • Hazards based on their chemical and physical properties: corrosives, ignitable liquids, water reactive, toxins, solids, liquids, gases, sharps, booby traps, etc. Two ignitable liquids, one corrosive, one reactive metal, and one pharmaceutical !

14. Response to Illicit Laboratory Incidents Plan a response for a hazardous materials / WMD incident involving potential illicit laboratory operations in compliance with evidence preservation operations within the capabilities and competencies of available personnel, personal protective equipment, and control equipment after notifying the responsible law enforcement agencies of the problem. NFPA 6.9.1.2.2(2)

15. Response to Illicit Laboratory Incidents Chief Concepts to be Considered Life Saving and Fire Suppression operations should be weighed against hazards posed to responders at an illicit laboratory scene. Illicit laboratories vary in size and can involve a variety of chemical processing methods. Upon discovery of any scene that appears to be an illicit laboratory, early identification of hazards present will be vitally important. NFPA 6.9.1.2.2(2)

16. Response to Illicit Laboratory Incidents Chief Concepts to be Considered A wide variety of crude chemical warfare agents can be manufactured in garage or basement labs. Illicit lab is a CRIME SCENE, Protect area, preserve evidence, minimize impact on potential evidence Coordination must occur between fire service and law enforcement agencies throughout the incident. Document important information as soon as possible NFPA 6.9.1.2.2(2)

17. Response to Illicit Laboratory Incidents Chief Concepts to be Considered P.P.E. Selection should be based on detection and sampling results and indicators observed on scene. Selection and use of monitoring and detection equipment at this type of scene may vary based on the hazards identified. Decontamination procedures during illicit lab incidents often present unique challenges involving the need to decontaminate; environment, firearms, evidence, suspects and canines. NFPA 6.9.1.2.2(2)

18. Response to Illicit Laboratory Incidents Implement the planned response to a hazardous materials / WMD incident involving potential illicit laboratory operations utilizing applicable evidence preservation guidelines. Remember ! ! This is a “CRIME SCENE” NFPA 6.9.1.2.2(3)

19. Response to Illicit Laboratory Incidents Notify Local Law Enforcement ! Local Law Enforcement will then move the information up the law enforcement “food chain” such as: Local or State Task Force – State Police Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) NFPA 6.9.1.2.2(3)

20. Response to Illicit Laboratory Incidents Notify Local Law Enforcement ! Secure the integrity of the Scene Preserve any evidence present Consider how operations may affect evidence First Responder “On Scene” responsible until it can be properly documented and collected NFPA 6.9.1.2.2(3)

21. Mission-Specific Responsibilities Response to Illicit Laboratory Incidents Analyzing the Incident NFPA 6.9.2

22. Response to Illicit Laboratory Incidents Determining if a Hazardous Materials / WMD Incident is an Illicit Laboratory Operation.   Given examples of hazardous materials / WMD incidents involving illicit laboratory operations, the operations level responder assigned to respond to illicit laboratory incidents shall identify the potential drugs / WMD being manufactured and shall meet the following related requirements: NFPA 6.9.2.1

23. Response to Illicit Laboratory Incidents Given examples of illicit drug manufacturing methods, describe the operational considerations, hazards, and products involved in the illicit process. Agencies should be aware of potential hazards involving illicit drug production including but not limited to: Corrosives: Acids / Bases Flammable Gases Flammable Liquids / Solvents Reactive Metals Toxic by Inhalation or Dermal Contact materials NFPA 6.9.2.1(1)

24. Pronunciation of Meth Chemicals • Amphetamine AM-FET-A-MEAN • Anhydrous AN-HI-DROUS • Cyanide CY-A-NIDE • Ephedrine A-FED-RIN • Hydriodic HI-DRY-O-DIC • Hydrochloric HI-DRO-CLOR-IC • Hydroperoxydize HI-DRO-PER-OXY-DIZE

25. Pronunciation of Meth Chemicals • Hydroxide HI-DROX-IDE • Lithium LITH-E-UM • Methamphetamine METH-AM-FET-A-MEAN • Muriatic MUR-E-ATTIC • Paranoia PARA-NOY-A • Phosphine FOS-FENE • Phosphoric FOS-FOR-IC

26. Pronunciation of Meth Chemicals • Potassium PO-TASS-E-UM • Psuedoephedrine SUE-DO-A-FED-RIN • Sulfuric SUL-F-YOUR-IC • Toluene TOL-U-ENE • Xylene ZY-LEAN

27. Acids • Sulfuric Acid • Acid in car batteries, a strong corrosive liquid, destructive to both tissue and metals. • The sulfuric acid used by most cooks is sold under trade marks such as Liquid Fire™. Sulfuric and hydrochloric acids under a sink.

28. Acids Concentrated sulfuric acid dehydrates, pulling water from tissue. It also heats up and reacts violently when water is added to it. Before After

29. Sulfuric Acid

30. Acids • Hydrochloric acid (and hydrogen chloride gas). • The acid is also called muriatic acid. • The gas is made with sulfuric acid, salt, and a gas generator. • Hydrogen chloride gas or the acid fumes are very irritating, causing tearing and choking. An HCl gas generator

31. Acids • Hydriodic acid, iodine and red phosphorous. • The red phosphorous process uses hydriodic acid which is made from iodine crystals in red phosphorous. Iodine is very corrosive to tissue. • Some hydriodic acid may be released to the air. • The reaction generates phosphine, a very toxic gas with low warning characteristics. Iodine is obtained from vet suppliers.

32. Acids A common source for red phosphorous is the scratch pad on book matches or safety flares.

33. Acids ALL ARE • In addition to sulfuric, hydrochloric and hyriodic acids, some cooks use other strong acids. CORROSIVE ! (BASES ARE ALSO!!) All acids used to make meth (and bases) are corrosive. Some, like sulfuric, may not have an odor, while others fume and cause choking and tearing.

34. Bases(a.k.a.: alkalis and caustics) • Sodium hydroxide (lye), the corrosive in Drano™, is a solid that dissolves in water. • Potassium hydroxide (a.k.a.: caustic potash) is the base from potassium metal. It is sometimes used in pro labs. Sodium hydroxide may boil violently and spatter when mixed with water!

35. Bases(a.k.a.: alkalis and caustics) Anhydrous ammonia for the reactive metal process is usually stolen from field tanks, often with a serious release to the air!

36. Bases(a.k.a.: alkalis and caustics) • Anhydrous ammonia • Anhydrous ammonia (meaning without water) is gas liquefied by pressure. • Liquid ammonia is required for the reactive metal processes. • Ammonia reacts with the metal in LP valves forming a green metal salt which is much weaker than the metal!

37. Bases(a.k.a.: alkalis and caustics) • Anhydrous ammonia • It is now frequently carried in picnic jugs! • As liquid ammonia goes into a container, a large amount evaporates, cooling the remainder! • What is left will stay in the container until it warms and pressure grows. The street price for ammonia can exceed $200.00 per gallon!

38. What Are the Hazards? A fire extinguisher containing ammonia exploded in this car. Both occupants eventually died. The ammonia was in a 2-1/2 gallon water extinguisher!

39. Bases(a.k.a.: alkalis and caustics) • Anhydrous ammonia • Anhydrous ammonia, a very serious health hazard, is a base when dissolved in water. • WARNING: Contact with strong bases can cause permanent loss of sight! • Use extreme caution, don't touch your eyes! This is probably pressurized!

40. Ignitable Liquids • Typical ignitable liquids: • Acetone, ether, toluene, lantern fuel (Coleman™), alcohol (HEET™), and xylene. • Vapors cause intoxication, irritation, and CNS disorders. • Vapors are health hazards below their lower flammable limit. Some below their odor threshold! Name brands are popular!

41. Ignitable Liquid

42. Ignitable Liquids • Warning: After an explosion (or a fire that has been put out) the vapor cloud can reform quickly and reignite or explode with you there! Liquids are often heated

43. Reactive Metals • Two metals can be used in the reactive metal process -lithium or sodium. • Most common is lithium removed from batteries which causes sparks from shorted parts and a messy residue. • The gray foil is lithium, oxidized by the moisture in the air. Lithium and the other foils look alike!

44. Sodium

45. Reactive Metals • Lithium reacts violently with water producing lithium hydroxide, which is a strong base. • Li + H2O = LiOH + FIRE Lithium / Water = Lithium Hydroxide andFire! • The reaction can cause an explosion.

46. Lithium

47. Other Chemicals and Unidentifiable Materials • There are other routes to meth, including toxic cyanide compounds. • Cooks move materials from container to container without identifying the contents. All containers are suspect. Don't handle anything.

48. Response to Illicit Laboratory Incidents Given examples of illicit chemical WMD methods, describe the operational considerations, hazards, and products involved in the illicit process. NFPA 6.9.2.1(2)

49. Response to Illicit Laboratory Incidents

50. Response to Illicit Laboratory Incidents Given examples of illicit biological WMD methods, describe the operational considerations, hazards, and products involved in the illicit process. NFPA 6.9.2.1(3)