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Policy and Coordination in Multilingual Internet Names

Policy and Coordination in Multilingual Internet Names. Tan Tin Wee Vice Chairman Multilingual Internet Names Consortium (MINC). Framework of Authority-I. IANA. US Govt. Names. Numbers. Protocols. Legal Govt Contract. gTLDs. ccTLDs. APNIC ARIN RIPE. IETF. SRI NSI Verisign.

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Policy and Coordination in Multilingual Internet Names

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  1. Policy and Coordination in Multilingual Internet Names Tan Tin Wee Vice Chairman Multilingual Internet Names Consortium (MINC)

  2. Framework of Authority-I IANA US Govt Names Numbers Protocols Legal Govt Contract gTLDs ccTLDs APNIC ARIN RIPE IETF SRI NSI Verisign Country NICs/ Mngrs

  3. Legal Govt Contract ICANN “Inc” DNSO ASO PSO Legal Contract Stakeholders: Constituencies At Large etc GAC Framework of Authority-II US Govt IANA Names Numbers Protocols gTLDs ccTLDs APNIC ARIN RIPE IETF Verisign/NSI Country NICs/ Mngrs Registries Registrars

  4. Framework of Authority-III Names . “root” ICANN “Inc” TopLevel Domains TLDs .us .jp .cn .tv etc .com .org .net .int etc DNSO gTLDs ccTLDs Verisign/NSI Country NICs/ Mngrs example.com www.example.com geneve.ch elections.org.sg Registries Registrars

  5. Framework of Authority - IV • US Government Dept of Commerce • IANA original authority • ICANN is in charge of the “Root” inter alia • ICANN coordinates Insertion of TLDs in the Root • Delegates authority to gTLDs and ccTLDs

  6. Justification for authority • US Government funded the original research, operation of IANA, Jon Postel – Precedence • Delegated Authority from USG • Universal Acceptance • Government Involvement through GAC • Contractual Agreements between authority and delegee – Commercial Contract law • Universal Representation from Stakeholders • Hierarchy of authority – ICANN – SOs – Stakeholders • Universal Suffrage of current Internet users?

  7. Multilingual Name Space - I • New Name Spaces extended from ASCII • New Technology Originated from Asia Pacific 1998 • Testbed pioneered in Asia 1998/1999 • New Standards with Strong Asian Input in IETF processes 1999 • New Complexities of Languages and Scripts

  8. Multilingual Name Space - II • New Scenarios of TLDs – language TLDs? ccTLDs and gTLDs in other scripts? • New Names – IDNs and Keywords • New User communities of non-English speaking users • New authority/expertise framework nascent – MINC-INFITT-AINC-CDNC-JDNA-etc 2000-2001 • New Companies – I-DNS.net (1999) Neteka, Netpia, Realnames, Nativenames etc

  9. ICANN ++ response • IETF Internationalized Domain Name IDN Working Group end 1999/ 2000 • IDN Committee 2001 • Names Council/DNSO IDN WG 2001 • Since 1998 to date.

  10. Different Premises may necessitate Review of Authority Framework • Is any change required of existing framework of authority? • Can existing framework be extended to include the new multilingual namespace? • Can the existing stakeholder base be extended to the new multilingual stakeholders? • Can the gTLD/ccTLD ICANN authority structure work for the new multilingual multiscript IDN namespaces?

  11. Authority Matrix in IDN

  12. Matrix of Language-Script-Country I • ManyLanguages-OneScript-ManyCountries – - Latin script-ASCII; - Arabic/Farsi/Urdu/Jawi-Arabic->20countries; -Chinese/Japanese/Korean-Han-China/Japan/Koreas/Taiwan/HK/Macau/Singapore etc. • OneLanguage-OneScript-OneCountry – Ancient Icelandic-Iceland; Hebrew-IsraelGreek-Greece • OneLanguage-ManyScripts-OneCountry – Japanese-Hiragana/Katakana/Kanji-Japan

  13. Matrix of Language-Script-Country II • OneLanguage-OneScript-ManyFonts-NoCountry – - Tamil-Tamil-TamilNadu State+>12countries with Tamil minorities; - American Indian languages; - Indian Languages such as Gujerati, Marathi, etc. • OneLanguage-OneScript-SeveralCountries – - Mongolian-Mongolian-Mongolia/China; - Russian-Cyrillic-Russia/postSovietUnion states • OneLanguage-SeveralScripts-SeveralCountries – - Korean-Hanguel/Hanja-NorthKorea/SouthKorea • Other combinations

  14. Current Status - I • IDN Technologies available • Strong IDN demand is proven • IDN Service providers already present • IETF IDN standards imminent

  15. Current Status II • Even more new technologies forthcoming – Growth area • New Processes available – MINC, INFITT, AINC, JDNA, CDNC • New businesses and new opportunities and new services in keywords and above-DNS services

  16. Urgency • Multilingual masses shut out of Internet because of linguistic limitation • IDN Technology/Service Vendors moving forward with proprietary software – fracturing internet • Alternative Root advocates getting stronger • Application-Dependent/ Vendor Specific Solutions – Keywords-Realnames/Verisign/Microsoft; AOL keywords; Netscape keywords • Country Authorities launching their own

  17. MINC • Multilingual Internet Names Consortium • Coordination of IDN and Keywords • Cooperation with relevant international organisations – ICANN, IETF, ISOC, ITU, WIPO, etc • Creation of and fostering of ties with new organisations – AINC, CDNC, JDNA, INFITT, etc • Formation in 2000

  18. MINC WGs and Other Associated Organisations • Chinese Domain Names Consortium – CDNC • International Forum for IT in Tamil – INFITT • Arabic Internet Names Consortium – AINC • Japanese Domain Name Association – JDNA • Urdu WGRussian WGIndian Lang WGGreek Langauge WG etc

  19. MINC Proactive Ongoing Plan • Work with all stakeholders and relevant organisations – ICANN, ISOC, ITU, WIPO etc • Set up Interoperability Testbed for Technology testing • Foster growth of new Stakeholder communities beyond AINC/INFITT/CDNC/JDNC etc for Self Determination process in their own languages • Formulation of workable authority structures • Formulation of Inter-language group coordination and dispute resolution • Creation of level playing field for all levels

  20. Policy and Coordination • ICANN IDN Committee mid2001 • ICANN Names Council IDN committee late2001 • ITU-WIPO-MINC meeting on multilingual domain names – this conference late 2001. • MINC-AINC MoU and meeting • MINC-CDNC meeting • MINC official support of JDNC • MINC-INFITT MoU • MINC fostering RussianWG, IndianLangWG, GreekWG, HebrewWG etc.

  21. What Policy/Coordination needed going forward? • Conservative Central-Control Approach • Revolutionary Liberal Free-Market Approach • Something in-between?

  22. Conservative Central-Control Approach Unique Root With Single Authority ICANN DNSO ccSO? ?SO? gTLDs ccTLDs IDN-TLDs Country NICs/ Mngr ?? Language TLDs ?? Country NICs/Mngrs Verisign/NSI others Registries Registrars

  23. Revolutionary Liberal Free-Market Approach Non-Unique Root With Multiple Authorities Loose or No Coordination With colliding namespaces ICANN ?? ?? ??…. DNSO ccSO? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? IDN-TLDs gTLDs ccTLDs Other TLDs Other iTLDs Country NICs/ Mngr ?? Language TLDs ?? Verisign/NSI others Country NICs/Mngrs Registries Registrars

  24. Something in Between? Unique Distributed Root With CoordinatedMultiple Authorities Multi-Lateral Agreements /Coordination ICANN ?? ?? ??…. DNSO ccSO? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? gTLDs ccTLDs IDN-TLDs Country NICs/ Mngr ?? Verisign/NSI others Country NICs/Mngrs Language TLDs ?? Registries Registrars

  25. Past Present Future of IDN • Technically Impossible, but 1998 iDNS proxy • Technically Unimplementable, but 1998 APNG Testbed • No Commercial Interest, but 1998 I-DNS.net Inc • No Demand, but 1999 Overwhelming response • No Standard, but 1999 IETF IDN WG • No Organisation, but 2000 MINC • No Language Support, but 2000/1 CDNC, INFITT,AINC,JDNA • No Authority, but ICANN IDN Committee, NC IDN WG • No Fair, Equitable, Proactive, Responsive Authority Structure to address the complexity of languages

  26. When can the non-English speaker start to use IDN? • Define standards • Demythologise the unique root • Devolve authority and responsibility • Deploy Coordination process • Delimit and Delegate new IDN TLDs • More work, mostly political work needed.

  27. Please provide feedback to: • Tan Tin Wee tinwee@bic.nus.edu.sg • MINC Website: www.minc.org • MINC Email: sec@minc.org • MINC Mailing Lists

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