802.11ac Usage Models Document

1. 802.11ac Usage Models Document Authors: Date: 2008-11-10 Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm)

2. 802.11ac Usage Models Document Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm)

3. IEEE 802.11 Abstract The purpose of this Document is to serve as the Usage Model Document for the 802.11ac Taskgroup The document contains an overview of usage environments, 20 usage models across 6 categories. This document is based on the contents of document 07/2988-04 (Liaison from WFA on VHT Usage Models) Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm)

4. Topics • Categories of Usage Models • Terminology • VHT Environments • Video Requirements Summary • Descriptions of all Usage Models Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm)

5. Categories of Usage Models • Wireless Display • In Home Distribution of HDTV and other content • Rapid Upload and Download of large files to/from server • Backhaul Traffic (e.g. Mesh, Point-to-Point) • Campus / Auditorium deployments • Manufacturing Floor Automation Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm)

6. Terminology • Usage Model – A usage model is the combination of all the below things; not to be confused with a use case which is the specific set of steps to accomplish a particular task. • Pre-Conditions – Initial conditions before the use case begins. • Application – A source and/or sink of wireless data that relates to a particular type of user activity. Examples are streaming video and VoIP. • Environment – The type of place in which a network is deployed, such as home, outdoor, hot spot, enterprise, metropolitan area, etc. • Traffic Conditions – General background traffic or interference that is expected while the use case steps are occurring. Overlapping BSSs, existing video streams, and interference from cordless phones are all examples of traffic conditions. • Use case – A use case is task oriented. It describes the specific step by step actions performed by a user or device. One use case example is a user starting and stopping a video stream. Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm)

7. VHT Environments • Home • On desk (short range, line of sight) • Within room (medium range, mostly line of sight) • Entire home (long range, could be no line of sight) • Home Mesh • Enterprise • On desk/cube (short range, line of sight) • Conference room (medium range, mostly line of sight) • Dense deployment • Enterprise Mesh • Small Office • Single BSS with unmanageable interferences with limited number of users • Outdoor • Outdoor mesh backhaul link • Regular bridging between buildings • Airplane docking • Campus (Education Space, Hospital) • Auditorium/lecture halls in the education space for video demos • Video surveillance and conferencing • Hospitals where Remote Medical Assistance for Operations is via Wireless Networks • Airplane/Bus/Train/Ship – Intra-large-vehicle communication. Large vehicle being airplane, bus, train or ship • Factory floor Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm) 7

8. Overview of Usage Model by Category Slide 8 Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm)

9. Video Requirements Summary *Values in Red Text used for new requirements for frame loss rate. Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm) 9

10. Assumptions for Video Requirements Single frame is 1500 bytes Packet Error Rate, Jitter, and Delay are measured at the upper MAC, not at the Phy. Loss of single packet is noticeable by the renderer Packet Error requirements are derived based on expectations of “error free viewing” Below is a table deriving error-free interval from video rate and frame loss probability: Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm) 10

11. Category 1: Wireless Display – transfer content between devices • Desktop Display at home or enterprise • In room projection from PC to TV at home or projector in conference room within an enterprise • In room Gaming – video display from game machine and peer-to-peer connectivity for hand-held controllers • Streaming from a camcorder to a display (live or stored content) • Broadcast TV Field Pick Up Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm) 11

12. Usage Model 1a: Desktop Display at home or enterprise Pre-Conditions: User has operational WLAN network for Internet access and general data networking. The wireless network used for storage and display may or may not be part of the other operational WLAN network. Application: User can wirelessly display the output of the computer to monitor or TV using uncompressed video. User can wirelessly store data from a computer to a harddrive. The data being stored transfers at ~1Gbps, jitter is < 200msec, delay is <200msec, 10E-5 PER. Environment: Devices could be operating in isolated cluster in a room such as a den or in close proximity to other similar clusters in a multi-cube office. Transmissions are mostly LOS. Distances between far corners of the room are <5M. Traffic Conditions: • Potential interference from overlapping networks (e.g. neighbors, other WLANs). Data transfers and video display should be operational simultaneously. Use Case: • User sits down to their desk, turns on their computer. • Computer wirelessly forms an association to an external hard drive and the display with minimal user configuration. • User works for extended hours without a visible sign that the display is using wireless technology. • User stops working, then turns off computer. Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm) 12

13. Usage Model 1b: In room projection from PC to TV Pre-Conditions: User has operational WLAN network for Internet access and general data networking. The wireless network used for in room projection may or may not be part of the other operational WLAN network. Application: User can wirelessly display the output of the PC to projector or TV using a video codec like Motion 2000 JPEG that lightly compresses video. Environment: Devices could be operating in isolated cluster in a family room (or den) or in close proximity to other similar clusters in a multi-cube office. Transmissions are mostly LOS. Distance between far corners of the room are <8 M. Traffic Conditions: • Potential interference from overlapping networks (e.g. neighbors, other WLANs). Data transfers and video display should be operational simultaneously. Use Case: • User sits on their couch in a family room, they turn on their computer; this may occur via remote control. • Computer wirelessly forms an association with the TV with minimal user configuration. • User starts then displays a video for extended hours with no visible sign that the display utilizes wireless technology or the computer. • User stops viewing, then turns off computer. Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm) 13

14. Usage Model 1c: In room gaming – video display from game machine and peer-to-peer connectivity for hand-held controllers Pre-Conditions: User has operational WLAN network for Internet access and general data networking. The wireless network used for in room gaming may or may not be part of the other operational WLAN network. Application: User can wirelessly display the output of the game console to projector or TV using a video codec like Motion 2000 JPEG that lightly compresses video. Bi-directional data goes between game console and hand-held controllers. Bi-directional controller data requirements are: 1.0 Mbps, jitter is 15 msec, delay is 15 msec, 1.0E-4 PER. Environment: Devices are operating in isolated cluster in a room such as a den. Transmissions are mostly LOS. Distance between far corners of the room are <5 M. Traffic Conditions: • Potential interference from overlapping networks (e.g. neighbors, other WLANs). Data transfers and video display should be operational simultaneously. Use Case: • Multiple users start game machine. • Game console, display, and controllers wirelessly form an association with minimal user configuration. • Users play for extended hours with no visible sign the display utilizes or controllers use wireless technology. • Users stop playing, then turns off game console. Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm) 14

15. Usage Model 1d: Streaming from a camcorder to a display (live or stored content). Pre-Conditions: User has operational WLAN network for Internet access and general data networking. The wireless network used for displaying camcorder content may or may not be part of the other operational WLAN network. Application: User can wirelessly display the output of the camcorder to projector or TV using a video codec like Motion 2000 JPEG that lightly compresses video. This is live content or stored content. Environment: Devices are operating in isolated cluster in a room such as a den. Transmissions are mostly LOS. Distance between far corners of the room are <5 M. Traffic Conditions: • Potential interference from overlapping networks (e.g. neighbors, other WLANs). Data transfers and video display should be operational simultaneously. Use Case: • A users starts a camcorder and a display device. • Camcorder and display wirelessly form an association with minimal user configuration. • Users plays content (stored or live) from camcorder to the display for several hours. • User stops playing content, then turns off camcorder and display. Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm) 15

16. Usage Model 1e: Broadcast TV Field Pick Up • Uncompressed Video link (1.5Gbps) between Roaming (No Wires) Broadcast TV Camera and wired real time TV Broadcast Network (e.g. sports events) Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm)

17. Category 2: Distribution of HDTV and other content • Lightly compressed video streaming around the entire home (100s of Mbps) • Compressed video streaming in a room or throughout a home • Intra-Large-Vehicle (e.g. airplane) Applications • Video streaming of 30-40 movies, 100s of TV channels to up to 300 people with individual play/rewind control over each stream • Streams are ~5Mbps each. 300*5Mbps=1.5Gbps • Wireless Networking for Office • Remote Medical Assistance via Wireless Networks Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm) 17

18. Usage Model 2a: Lightly Compressed Video Streaming throughout the home Pre-Conditions: User has operational WLAN network which includes a TV with wireless capabilities, a PVR with wireless capabilities, and an AP associated with the WLAN that is not in the same room as the game machine and TV. Application: User can display the output of the PVR wirelessly on the TV using a video codec like Motion 2000 JPEG that lightly compresses video. Environment: Two story, three bedroom house with an AP in one corner in the den. Other homes in the area are also operating WLANs. Transmissions are mostly Non-LOS. Distance between far corners of the home are ~100 feet with as many as 8 walls (and one floor) between the video end points. Traffic Conditions: • Occasional interference from other homes because WLAN is on other channels. Data transfers consuming up to 20% of the total bandwidth, 2 additional video streams, and wireless display/controllers from a video game machine may be occurring during this use case. Microwave may be running for up to 5 minutes. Use Case: • User looks up a program on electronic program guide. • User selects a video. • Lightly Compressed Video is delivered/uploaded over the wireless network for a period of two hours. • User may pause video during 2 hour period then resume watching. • Task is complete when user stops watching the video. Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm) 18

19. DVR TV PC TV TV TV DVR Usage Model 2a: Lightly Compressed Video Streaming throughout the home Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm)

20. Usage Model 2b: Compressed video streaming in a room or throughout a home Pre-Conditions: User has operational WLAN network which includes a TV with wireless capabilities, a PVR with wireless capabilities, and an AP associated with the WLAN that is not in the same room as the game machine and TV. Application: User can display the output of the PVR wirelessly on the TV using high definition compressed video with a codec like BluRay . Expect three or four simultaneous HD streams. Environment: Two story, three bedroom house with an AP in one corner in the den. Other homes in the area are also operating WLANs. Transmissions are mostly Non-LOS. Distance between far corners of the home are ~100 feet with as many as 8 walls (and one floor) between the video end points. Traffic Conditions: • Severe interference from multiple streams in the house and other homes because WLAN is on other channels. High speed data transfers consuming up to 20% of the total bandwidth, many additional video streams, and wireless display/controllers from a video game machine may be occurring during this use case. Microwave may be running for up to 5 minutes. Use Case: • User looks up a program on electronic program guide. • User selects a video. • Compressed Video is delivered/uploaded over the wireless network for a period of two hours. • User may pause video during 2 hour period then resume watching. • Task is complete when user stops watching the video. Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm) 20

21. Usage Model 2c: Intra-Large-Vehicle (e.g. airplane) Applications Pre-Conditions: 300 people watching individual video programs simultaneously, each with control of their own video. Application: 30-40 movies and 100s of TV channels available for viewing by 300 people. Each user controls their own video. Video being displayed is something like standard definition MPEG2 compressed. Video requirements are: ~5Mbps, jitter is <200 msec, delay is < 200msec, 1.0E-4 PER. Aggregate bandwidth requirement is 300*5Mbps=1.5Gbps. Environment: Metal narrow structure such as a bus or plane. Limited number of thin walls need to be penetrated, but many people and seats will cause some level of interference. Traffic Conditions: • In addition to the video traffic, Data transfers consuming up to 20% of the total bandwidth, many additional video streams, and wireless display/controllers from a video game machine may be occurring during this use case. • Use Case: • User looks up a program on electronic program guide. • User selects a video. • Compressed Video (e.g. ~5Mbps) is delivered to the individual for a period of two hours. • User may pause video during 2 hour period then resume watching. • Task is complete when user stops watching the video. Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm) 21

22. Usage Model 2d: Wireless Networking for Office Pre-Conditions: Office with people engaged in high quality/high revenue services that involve video and voice interaction with client and transferring large volumes of multimedia data. A single AP serves 5 people. The office comprises 5 – 500 people. Application: Multiple applications run at the same time. High definition compressed video uses something like an Blu-ray codec. Voice is standard definition quality using a codec like G729. Aggregate bandwidth requirement is 5 simultaneous video streams per AP. Voice requirements are: ~50Kbps, Jitter <30msec. Delay <30msec. 1.0E-1 PER. Environment: Mostly not Line of sight within a single office. People walking around the office. There is potentially unmanageable interference from neighboring offices within 100 feet (horizontally) or adjacent floors (vertically) when in 2.4 / 5 GHz. AP density is more than 1 AP per 40m X 40m Traffic Conditions (per AP): 2 WLAN video streams 2 WVoIP streams Up to 5 best effort data streams The best effort data traffic can take up to 20% of the available bandwidth with saturated offered load. Use Case: Users run different applications during the day and may start each application at different time. A typical sequence is starting up a voice call, adding video sending/receiving multi-media data and discussing this over the voice/video link The duration of such a use case is typically one hour. Up to three of these “sessions” per AP may be going on in parallel. Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm) 22

23. Display screen Display screen Usage Model 2e: Remote Medical Assistance via Wireless Networks Remote doctor office Surgery room Compressed or uncompressed video links between the AP and surgical camera in patient and display, as well as the AP and web cam /display in the remote doctor’s office. Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm)

24. Usage Model 2e: Remote Medical Assistance via Wireless Networks • Pre-Conditions: • A medical facility uses remote diagnosis using video/audio and data for cases outside its area of expertise. • Application: • Remote diagnosis involving video, audio and data interaction. Video sourced from the surgery room and sent to the remote office is uncompressed. Video sourced from the remote office and sent to the surgery room is lightly compressed. Reliability is a dominant requirement • Audio requirements are: 100Kbps, stream Jitter <20msec. Delay <20msec. 1.0E-1 PER. • The compressed and uncompressed video is transferred through both APs, thus the total throughput for each AP is (1.5Gbps+150Mbps) = 1.65Gbps. • Environment: • Indoor hospital surgery room of 20 by 20 meter at one end, an office room of 10x10 meter to 40x40 meter coverage at the remote end. There are some unmanageable interferences around both ends. Traffic Conditions: One-way video stream of compressed HD quality with possibility of two-way background streams of lower quality. Two-way audio and data. QoS must be ensured. Use Case: Devices are connected and the networks are setup in both rooms. Real- time video and voice are sent to the AP in the surgery room, passed over Internet to the AP in the remote office and further displayed. Real-time voice instructions and images of the doctor’s are sent from the audio and camera to the AP in the remote office, passed over the Internet to the AP in the surgery room and finally displayed. Session may last e.g. 2 hours Audio or video session may selectively started and stopped during the session. All connections are terminated in the end The duration of such a use case is typically one hour. Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm) 24

25. Category 3: Rapid Upload and Download of large files to/from server • Rapid Sync-n-Go file transfer – camera to PC (10s of MB per pic), video kiosk • Picture-by-picture viewing - displaying digital pictures (jpegs, raw files) from a remote storage device to laptop or TV • Airplane docking – as airplanepulls up to the boarding gate: • plane down loads sensor (mechanic info, flight performance, maintenance) & flight information (e.g. crew, passenger info, flight plan) • plane uploads next flight information and new videos • Movie Content Download to Car as it pulls into garage • Police / Surveillance Car Upload • Upload several 10s of GB of data (Video Surveillance footage) from surveillance car to content server police station Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm) 25

26. Usage Model 3a: Rapid Sync n Go, File Transfer • Sync n Go within a room. • Transfer several 10s of GB of individual pictures or movies to archive local storage Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm) 26

27. Usage Model 3a: Rapid Sync n Go, File Transfer Pre-Conditions: User has WLAN connectivity between a PC, PDA, cell phone, a camcorder, and a camera. Application: User can sync movies to/from the camcorder and transfer the picture files. An MPEG4 video file of 30MByte takes 4 minutes over a single hop 1Gbps link. 200 jpeg (picture) files of 10Mbyte takes ~30 seconds over a 1Gbps single hop link . Jitter and delay are not critical. Instead, the key metric is the user’s time spent to do a transfer. Less than 1 minute is acceptable. 1-5 minutes may be acceptable. More than 5 minutes is not acceptable. Environment: Devices could be operating in isolated cluster in a room such as a den or in close proximity to other similar clusters in a multi-cube office. Transmissions are mostly LOS. Distance between far corners of the room are <8m. Traffic Conditions: • Potential interference from overlapping networks (e.g. neighbors, other WLANs). Data transfers and video display should be operational simultaneously. Use Case: • User completes secure pairing between devices (similar to WPS) co-located in a room. • User is presented with list of device specific applications on the PC. • User selects the desired application (e.g. download pictures, sync files). • The selected application is launched. • User navigates applications to complete start task (e.g. download pics, sync files). • When task is complete user exits the application. Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm) 27

28. Usage Model 3b: Picture-by-Picture Viewing Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm) 28

29. Usage Model 3b: Picture-by-Picture Viewing Traffic Conditions: • Severe interference from multiple streams in the house and other homes because WLAN is on other channels. High speed data transfers consuming up to 20% of the total bandwidth, many additional video streams, and wireless display/controllers from a video game machine may be occurring during this use case. Microwave may be running for up to 5 minutes. Use Case: • User starts local viewing application on the display device in the same room as the user. • Through the viewing application, the user finds pictures on the server. • The user selects the photos to watch then starts a slide show. • Pictures transfer from the server to the viewing devices at fixed intervals set by the user or when user manually advances to next picture. • When session is complete, the viewing app is shut down and the user is done. Pre-Conditions: User has WLAN connectivity between a desktop PC and a laptop or TV. Application: A picture file is periodically sent from a server to a laptop, then viewed on the laptop or TV. A single picture could be a 10Mbyte jpeg file (0.08 seconds on a 1Gbps single hop link). Key metric is the time spent to transfer a file. The complete file transfer and display of the picture should happen in less than 100ms. Environment: Two story, three bedroom house with an AP in one corner in the den. Other homes in the area are also operating WLANs. Transmissions are mostly Non-LOS. Distance between far corners of the home are ~100 feet with as many as 8 walls (and one floor) between the video end points. Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm) 29

30. Usage Model 3c: Airplane Docking Pre-Conditions: Airplane is equipped with a wireless bridge to connect to airport wireless systems. Airplane has many servers, storage devices, and systems that need current and up-to-date data and content. Airplane also has onboard data collection recorders which need to off-load data to ground systems. Application: Airplane lands at airport. Upon acquiring local network, airplane associates, authenticates, and begins to cross-load data as required. Depending upon onboard systems configuration and length of flight, quantity of data may vary between 10s of MB to 500GB. 500GB takes a little more than an hour over a single hop 1Gbps link. All data must be exchanged in time required to reload plane with passengers (~60 minutes). Environment: Airports have widely embraced wireless technologies, thus the environment is likely to be spectrally congested. Airplane may be handed off from one AP to another as it taxies toward the gate. Typical paths are line-of-sight, and can be 100s of meters long during the taxi phase, then quite short at the gate. Initial links will be slow, due to distance and noise, but will improve as airplane nears the gate. Traffic Conditions: Presence of other Wi-Fi networks from other airport systems, is highly likely, with significant spectrum contention and medium sharing. The airplane docking up/download will likely be using a dedicated VHT network, but not necessarily. Multiple airplanes (up to 20) could be connected to the same AP at the same time. Use Case: • Airplane systems collect high priority data from automated recording devices or crew logs and reports. Other airplane systems providing lower priority, refreshed entertainment content for passengers. • Airplane lands at airport, and associates with ground network as it taxies to the gate. • At the gate (when communication distances are shorter), the airplane achieves the highest data rates possible for up/downloads. • Entertainment content is downloaded to the airplane for use during flight. Recorded data from the flight, crew logs, and other data is uploaded to airline databases for analysis and action. Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm) 30

31. Usage Model 3d: Video Content download to car Traffic Conditions: Presence of other Wi-Fi networks from neighbors, muni Wi-Fi or other Home networks is likely to occur. The video content download to the car may either be using a dedicated VHT link, or it may be part of the multi purpose Home network. Content download should not create a negative end user perceptions for other applications using the home networks (e.g. voice, streaming media etc.) Use Case: • User either predefines content download criteria (e.g. all new Discovery episodes), or selects contents to be downloaded on a case by case basis • Car pulls into garage / driveway • VHT radio in car connects with VHT home network • Car downloads content from home server that is queued up for download / synch • Session terminated once content download is finished • Download sequence may be repeated based on new content becoming available, and car still within range of VHT network Pre-Conditions: Car is equipped with a storage devices for video and other content, attached to a VHT radio. Car is also equipped with HDTV video display(s). Home is equipped with a content server and VHT WLAN network. Application: Car comes within range of VHT home AP, and new video and audio content is downloaded to the content server in the car. E.g. new movies, music or TV programming. Size of one HDTV movie estimated to be between 30and 100GB. At 1Gbps rates this transfer takes between 3 and 13 minutes. Environment: Environments variable; e.g. indoor garage, outdoor car port, car parked at curb. Size of house, and construction materials used varies. Range/throughput expectation is high; deployment based on convenience for placing home networking device and storage device equipment. Distance between AP and car likely to be 10 – 60 m, 1 – 3 walls. Objective is to minimize download times. Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm) 31

32. Usage Model 3e: Police / Surveillance Car Upload • Upload several 10s of GB of data (Video Surveillance footage) from surveillance car to content server police station Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm)

33. Usage Model 3e: Police / Surveillance Car Upload Pre-Conditions: Police / Surveillance Car is equipped with one or more SD or HD video cameras and a storage devices for video and other content. Connections between camera(s) and storage device are wired. Storage device is attached to a VHT radio. Car is also equipped with external antennas. Police station is equipped with a content server and VHT WLAN network. Application: Car comes within range of Station VHT AP, and new video and audio content is uploaded to the content server in the station. Depending on the resolution of the video and the duration of the footage collection, the amount of data to be uploaded can vary from a few GB’s to over 100 GB. 100GB takes ~13 minutes on 1Gbps single hop link. Environment: Environments variable; e.g. indoor garage, outdoor car port, car parked at curb. Size of station and construction materials used varies. Range/throughput expectation is high; deployment at station based on relative proximity to car parking lot / garage. Distance between AP and car likely to be 10 – 60 m, 1 – 3 walls. Objective is to minimize up times. Traffic Conditions: Presence of other Wi-Fi networks from neighboring businesses, government institutions or residences, is likely to occur. The video content upload will likely be using a dedicated VHT network. Multiple cars (up to 10) may be uploading at the same time. Use Case: • Surveillance officer turns on video cameras, typically at the beginning of the shift • Cameras capture footage, which gets stored on a storage device on board the surveillance car • Surveillance offers turns off video cameras, typically a the end of a shift • VHT radio in car detects that it comes in reach of VHT network to which is authorized to upload content (typically the network at the base station) • Content is uploaded for storage and viewing and analysis at a later point in time. Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm) 33

34. Category 4: Backhaul • Multi-Media Mesh Backhaul • Hotspot • Enterprise • Small Office or Home • Campus-wide deployments • Municipal deployments • Point-to-Point Backhaul Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm) 34

35. Usage Model 4a: Multi-Media Mesh Backhaul Mesh Portal AP connected to wired network. Mesh Portal AP 1st Hop 1st Hop Applications are evolving towards more video intensive use cases for monitoring as well as reporting and interaction. The mesh backhaul, will carry very high traffic loads. 2nd Hop AP AP 2nd Hop AP 3rd Hop AP 3rd Hop AP AP AP AP VHT Link Non VHT Link Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm) 35

36. Usage Model 4a: Multi-Media Mesh Backhaul Pre-Conditions: Mesh topology with one Mesh Portal AP with wired link to a network such as the Internet. An example topology could be 3 hops from Mesh Portal AP and 1-5 clients per AP. APs provide mesh routing with simultaneous access for clients. Mesh Portal AP also provide connectivity for clients. Application: Traffic is both outbound and inbound for data, video and voice. Data may include scheduled hard-drive backups of many PCs. Video is high definition compressed video using, for example, an Blu-ray codec. High definition voice may be using a codec like GIPS iPMC-wb. See next slide for specific traffic requirements. Environment: Mesh backhaul for hot spot, enterprise, small office/home office, campus, and municipal deployments. Line of Sight as well as NLOS. There is some unmanageable interference in the area. Hops with a 100 to 1500 m separation from each other. Traffic Conditions: Mesh Portal AP VHT interface reaches capacity limits with an equal amount of inbound and outbound traffic. Packets may be aggregated. Use Case: • User on client devices looks up a program on electronic program guide. • User selects a video. • High Quality Compressed Video is delivered/uploaded over the wireless network for a period of two hours. • User may pause video during 2 hour period then resume watching. • Upload/downloading a file while watching the movie is a background task that is not likely to be interrupted. • Task is complete when user stops watching the video. • The video from multiple clients is aggregated up through the mesh network through the Mesh Portal AP. Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm) 36

37. Usage Model 4a: Multi-Media Mesh Backhaul traffic requirements • Consider case of up to 50 users requiring multi-media connectivity through any one link. Traffic from all users is aggregated up through the Mesh Portal AP. • A single user requires ~20 Mbps of bandwidth. • Aggregate of 50 users * 20 Mbps = 1Gbps raw throughput. Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm)

38. Usage Model 4b: Point-to-Point Backhaul Point-to-Point Backhaul VHT Link Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm) 38

39. Usage Model 4b: Point-to-Point Backhaul Pre-Conditions: Networks (wired or wireless) are be connected via a point-to-point link. The individual networks can support hundreds of users with a wide array of traffic requirements that will only be limited by the VHT link capabilities. Application: Traffic is bidirectional and is comprised of data, voice, video and data. Data may include scheduled hard-drive backups of many PCs. High Definition Video is compressed using something like a Blu-ray codec. Voice is high definition using a codec like GIPS iPCM-wb. See next slide for specific traffic requirements. Environment: Point-to-point link distance is 100 meters to 1500 meters. Typically locations are Line of Sight. There is some unmanageable interference around the area. Traffic Conditions: • Point-to-point link can carry traffic with multiple QoS categories. End of each link is heavily loaded with equal amount of traffic in both directions. Use Case: • Two builds are on opposite sides of a rail road track. The building owner has no rights to lay a wire in the ground between buildings. • Owner sets up a wireless VHT link between the buildings. • Users can now take advantage multi-media applications spanning both buildings. • Network is operation 24x7. Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm) 39

40. Usage Model 4b: Point-to-Point Backhaul Traffic Requirements • Each building may house several hundred end users. Consider the case of up to 50 users requiring multi-media connectivity through the point-to-point link at any given moment in time. • A single user requires ~20Mbps. • Aggregate of 50 users * 20 Mbps = 1Gbps raw throughput. Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm)

41. Category 5: Outdoor Campus / Auditorium deployments • Video Demos or Tele-presence in Auditoriums/Lecture Halls • Public Safety Mesh Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm) 41

42. Usage Model 5a: Tele-presence in Auditoriums/Lecture Halls Pre-Conditions: A operational WLAN network in a auditorium or lecture hall (300’x300’) is used for mass “tele-presence” or interactive demo events. Auditorium/lecture hall is connected remotely through a high speed link to the actual person/people doing the presentation. Actual person may be many miles away from lecture hall with telepresence. Application: Tele-presence conferencing event that involves audio and video. Video is uncompressed for display on large screen (WQXGA -2560x1600, 24 bits per pixel, 60Hz refresh) that can be seen from all places in the room. High definition voice is transmitted in several languages to accommodate a diverse audience using a codec like GIPS iPCM-wb. Audience may moderately interact with the presenter. Video requirements are: ~3-5Gbps. Jitter <5msec. Delay <5msec. 1.0E-7 PER. Voice requirements are: ~50Kbps. Jitter <10msec. Delay <10msec. 1.0E-2 PER. Audio and video must be synchronized. Environment: Mostly open indoor space of ~300’x300’. Mostly LOS with a few obstacles such as partitions and people. Max distance between end-points ~200 yards. Traffic Conditions: High-Def video for a very large stage screen. As many as five audio streams to accommodate multiple languages, each stream is high-def audio. QoS must be ensured within application requirements. Interference or bandwidth contention may come from laptops or cells phones within the auditorium accessing the Internet with as much as 20% available bandwidth being allocated to such devices.. Use Case: Video sessions are set up “off-line”. The event goes live for e.g. 2 hours. Live translation to multiple languages then transmission of the audio. Possible some audience questions or interactivity. Sessions are terminated. Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm) 42

43. Usage Model 5b: Public Safety Mesh – Incident Area Networking Traffic Conditions: • Traffic conditions can be harsh due to other Wi-Fi networks operating in same environment. IAN environment will typically require dedicated spectrum (e.g. 4.9GHz in US) or require a spectrum allocation policy among first responders. Traffic patterns based on applications described in applications section. Use Case: • First responder shows up at disaster zone, with a set of pre-configured Mesh APs (incl. power supply) • Mesh AP’s get deployed throughout the incident area • Public internet access gets established (optional) • Responders from various agencies obtain access to the Wi-Fi Mesh IAN, to support their applications • Mesh networking managers repeatedly reposition Mesh APs to achieve most appropriate coverage and network availability • Network gets torn down when disaster response activities are terminated. Pre-Conditions: Public Safety Agency owns a number of pre-configured WLAN Mesh Access Points. At the site of a public safety incident (e.g. Chemical plant explosion, earthquake zone, hurricane disaster zone), public safety agencies rapidly roll out a Wi-Fi Mesh network for Broadband data networking. Application: The Wi-Fi Mesh network provides broadband data networking access to large numbers of emergency responders across multiple agencies. Depending on the geographic area and size of the incident, up to several hundred responders may be active in the area of a single IAN. The number of Mesh hops to access to the public internet can be quite large, and in practice will be constrained by the throughput availability and other capabilities of the VHT Mesh points. Applications using the network include: email, compressed SD and HD video, video conferencing, web browsing, GIS apps access, non mission critical voice. Throughput requirements for heavily loaded Mesh ‘trunks’ are in the 1 Gbps range ( based on multiple video streams per user). QoS support is essential. Environment: Environments can be highly variable; e.g. largely indoor, urban canyon, inside mine, largely outdoor, mix of indoor and outdoor. Range/throughput expectation is high; deployment optimized for maximum coverage, with minimum amount of Mesh APs, supporting required usage scenario Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm) 43

44. Usage Model 5b: Public Safety Mesh – Specific Application Requirements • Video Requirements: • HD compressed video: ~20Mbps, jitter is <50 msec, delay is < 50msec, 1.0E-5 PER • SD compressed video: ~5Mbps, jitter is <200 msec, delay is < 200msec, 1.0E-4 PER. • 50 HD streams and 20 SD streams for aggregate bandwidth of 50*20Mbps + 20*5Mbps = 1.1Gbps. • Voice Requirements: • Standard quality voice streams: ~50Kbps. Jitter <10msec. Delay <10msec. 1.0E-2 PER. • 30 calls yields aggregate bandwidth requirement of 30*50Kbps = 1.5Mbps. Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm) 44

45. Category 6: Manufacturing Floor Automation Factory floor within large metallic buildings. Applications have a large variance in data transfer size, time sensitivity, and reliability. Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm) 45

46. Usage Model 6: Manufacturing Floor Automation • Pre-Conditions: • A WLAN is operational in manufacturing space that has hundreds to thousands of individual tasks happening each minute. Many of these tasks require communications. • Application: • All types of information required to run large manufacturing floor. Large variances in data transfer size, time sensitivity, and reliability exist. Here are some examples: • Streaming of live or CAD video requires high throughput, time sensitive, and reliable transfers. • Voice requires lower bandwidth and time sensitive transfers; reliability is less of a concern. • Machine-machine communications, robotic material handling requires high reliability but is less time sensitive. • Data loading machines is high bandwidth but low in time sensitivity. Application layer protocols would ensure reliability. • Environment: • Communication is within a large metallic building. High reverberation, long propagation distances (10’s~100’s meters), long delay spreads. Constantly moving equipment changing RF propagation channel model. Traffic Conditions: • Hundreds or thousands of independent links and data streams with varying QoS, reliability, and throughput, requirements. Aggregate data flows range into multiple Gbps requirements. Use Case: • Multiple systems in factory; starting, stopping, and flowing network traffic in a largely asynchronous environment. • Some data flows have significant integrity requirements (large material-handling machines; cranes, crawlers, etc.) • Some data flows have significant QoS requirements (VoIP, Video streams, etc.) • Factory is VERY electrically noisy; spark-gap noise (electric motors, etc.), microwave ovens, other technologies (RFID, RTLS, etc.), and competing 802.x wireless systems. Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm) 46

47. Usage Model 6: Manufacturing Floor Automation – Specific Application Requirements • Video Requirements: • HD compressed video: ~20Mbps, jitter is <50 msec, delay is < 50msec, 1.0E-5 PER • SD compressed video: ~5Mbps, jitter is <200 msec, delay is < 200msec, 1.0E-4 PER. • 50 HD streams and 20 SD streams for aggregate bandwidth of 50*20Mbps + 20*5Mbps = 1.1Gbps. • Voice Requirements: • Standard quality voice streams: ~50Kbps. Jitter <10msec. Delay <10msec. 1.0E-2 PER. • 30 calls yields aggregate bandwidth requirement of 30*50Kbps = 1.5Mbps. Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm) 47

48. Usage Model 1e: Broadcast TV Field Pick Up Pre-Conditions: User has operational WLAN network for Internet access and general data networking. The wireless network used for broadcast TV pickup may or may not be part of the other operational WLAN network. Application: A professional camera person carrying a broadcast quality camera is capturing shots for Live Broadcast TV production. The uncompressed video from the camera is sent through a wireless VHT link to a VHT AP, with a wired link into the Live Broadcast TV direction room. Environment: Devices are operating in large space with many moving people and interference from other wireless broadcast cameras, and in some cases a multitude of in-band and out-of-band interfering wireless systems. Transmissions are mostly non-LOS with people as obstacles, not walls. Distance between camera and AP can be up to 50m. Traffic Conditions: • Typical configuration will be a point to point link between the Camera and a VHT AP. Use Case: • The Broadcast TV crew plans the placement / roaming area for Mobile TV cameras ahead of the live broadcast events. • VHT APs have a wired link back to the Direction Room, which are put in place and tested prior to the event starting. • Camera person starts camera and brings up wireless link prior to the live event commencing. • Camera person and/or director decides when the camera is capturing ‘live broadcast footage’. • At the end of the live event, camera person shuts off camera. • Installation crew disassemble network configuration after the event is over. Rolf de Vegt (Qualcomm) 48