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Joints

Delve into the anatomy of joints, from synovial to fixed types, and discover how they enable movement. Learn about ligaments, tendons, and synovial fluid, while exploring joint replacements and the impact of aging on bones. Engage in a codebreaker activity for a fun twist!

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Joints

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  1. Joints Monday, 06 January 2020 Learning objectives: • To describe the different types of joint.

  2. Starter (5 mins) • Give the students two minutes to write as much as they can about the topic 'How humans move'. • Then ask students to peer assess each other's work. • Award points for each mention and correct use of a keyword: • skeleton, bones, muscles, tissue, antagonistic muscles, joints, tendons, contract, relax. • They should also write one comment explaining how the student they are assessing could have scored more points.

  3. Joints are places where bones meet. • Work in pairs and write a list of as many joints or location of joints as they can in the body. • Discuss the joints they have identified and list them on the board. Also, list some others that they might not have mentioned.

  4. How do we move? A jointis a place where two or more bones meet. Without joints, our skeleton would not be able to move. The bones at joints are bound together by strong flexible fibres called ligaments. Ligaments allow movement but make sure the joint doesn’t move too far, preventing injury. Tendons connect muscle to bone, allowing the bones to move. muscle tendon periosteum bone

  5. Synovial joints Synovial joints are highly mobile joints, like the shoulder and knee. synovial fluid Synovial joints contain synovial fluid which is retained inside a pocket called the synovial membrane. This lubricates or ‘oils’ the joint. femur cartilage synovial membrane tibia Smooth coverings of cartilage at the ends of the bones stop them rubbing together and provide some shock absorption.

  6. Ball and socket joints There are several different types of synovial joint in the body. Inball and socket joints,the rounded end of one bone fits inside a cup-shaped ending on another bone. Ball and socket joints allow movement in all directions and also rotation. The most mobile joints in the body are ball and socket joints. Examples: Shoulder and hip.

  7. Hinge joints Hinge joints – as their name suggests – only allow forwards and backwards movement. Examples: The knee and elbow. elbow knee

  8. Fixed joints Some joints in the body are fixed, these are also known as immovable joints. They are sometimes called fibrous joints because the bones are held together by tough fibres. Immovable joints are several bones fused together to form a rigid structure. Examples: The skull and pelvis.

  9. Show the class the joint from the chicken leg. Explain that all the meat has been removed so the muscles and the tendons are missing. However, they can still see the smooth, cartilage-covered ends of the bone and the way they fit together. Explain that this is the equivalent of their knees.

  10. Ask the class to use the information and diagram of the joint on page 65 of the Student’s Book to complete Worksheet Lesson 10: Joints, in which they label a synovial joint and answer some questions about the functions of each part. • As people age their bones get weaker and often bones break. • See hip replacement on next slide - discuss in pairs what properties this metal should have in order for it to be suitable.

  11. Joint replacements If joints become warn out or damaged some can be replaced, including hip and knee joints There are several benefits of joint replacement surgery: • improved movement • pain relief • alignment of deformed joints. Risks include those associated with surgery.Recovery from joint replacements can take a long time and physiotherapy may be needed.

  12. Codebreaker Work out the key words from these combinations! Example: M6836E68 = MOVEMENT 1. 68S25E7 2. 75E53T66 3. 72T46G367 4. 2N8246N47T42 7A47 5. 79N684A5 35U43 6. 26N3 627R69

  13. Were you successful? 68S25E7 = MUSCLES 75E53T66 = SKELETON 72T46G367 = PATHOGENS 4. 2N8246N47T42 7A47 = ANTAGONISTIC PAIR 5. 79N684A5 35U43 = SYNOVIAL FLUID 6. 26N3 627R69 = BONE MARROW antagonistic pair biceps bone bone marrow cartilage joint muscles pathogens skeleton synovial fluid synovial joints triceps

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