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The Origin of Humans. Do Now: Please read questions, then read and answer “Study Reinforces ‘out of Africa’ theory on human evolution. Be sure to Highlight, underline, write questions and comments. The First Humans.
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The Origin of Humans Do Now: Please read questions, then read and answer “Study Reinforces ‘out of Africa’ theory on human evolution. Be sure to Highlight, underline, write questions and comments.
The First Humans Theories on prehistory and early man constantly change as new evidence comes to light. - Louis Leakey, British paleoanthropologist
Stages of Early Human Development 1. 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE Paleolithic Age:( Old Stone Age ) 2,500,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE 2. 1,500,000 BCE -- 250,000 BCE 3. 250,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE 4. 30,000 BCE -- 10,000 BCE
The Paleolithic Age • “Paleolithic”--> “Old Stone” Age • 2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE • Made tools • hunting (men) & gathering (women) small bands of 20-30 humans • NOMADIC (moving from place to place)
Stage 1 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE • Hominids --> any member of the family of two-legged primates that includes all humans. • Australopithecines- AKA “Lucy” • One of the earliest found hominid remains • An Apposable Thumb
Stage 1 • HOMO HABILIS( “Man of Skills” or “handy-man”) • found in East Africa. • created stone tools.
The Paleolithic Age • Humans during this period found shelter in caves. • Cave paintings left behind. Purpose??
Stage 2 1,6000,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE • HOMO ERECTUS ( “Upright Human Being” ) • BIPEDALISM • Larger and more varied tools --> primitive technology • First hominid to migrate and leave Africa for Europe and Asia. • First to use fire ( 500,000 BCE )
Differing Human Migration Theories Do now: please take out PERSIAN chart on paleolithic and take mc Are we all Africans “under the skin”???? Out of Africa- 1st homo sapiens emigrated out of Africa Multi-regional-homo erectus left Africa but Evolved in Europe ,Asia and Africa Differently
Stage 3 200,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE HOMO SAPIENS( “Wise Human Being” ) Neanderthals( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE ) Cro-Magnons( 40,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE )
Stage 3 NEANDERTHALS: • Neander Valley, Germany (1856) • First humans to bury their dead. • Made clothes from animal skins. • Lived in caves and tents.
Stage 3 NEANDERTHALS Early Hut/Tent
Stage 3 CRO-MAGNONs: • Homo sapiens sapiens( “Wise, wise human” ) • By 30,000 BCE they replaced Neanderthals. WHY???
The Last Ice Age 70,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE
Characteristics of Paleolithic Period • The people were hunters and gatherers • They lived in small groups of about 20-30 people • Sexual division of labor(women gathered/men hunted) • Nomadic people who followed game and ripening fruit • Developed simple tools from stone, bone or wood • Invented clothing • Cave paintings and religious rituals
COT: Paleolithic • From 2.5 M.YA- 10,000 B.C.E early human evelopments included the development of tools from stone and bone, the intoduction of fire for cooking, heat and light, however, mankind maintained its diet primarily based on what could be hunted or gathered
Comparative thesis • Similar formula to the COT: • Dates, place, topic • From 2.5 MYA-10,000 B.C.E in (place) and (other place) _______________ (sim/dif) and ____________(sim/dif) however_____________ (dif/sim)
Ch 1 Strayer’s Ways of the World • From 12,000 B.C.E-4,000 B.CE in both the San in South Africa and the Chamash in Southern California both relied on hunting and gathering for sustainance, both utlized stone tools. However, the Chumash had a richer environment leading to greater advancements while the San eeked out a meager existence
The Neolithic Age • “Neolithic”“New Stone” Age • 10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE • Gradual shift from: Nomadic lifestyle settled, stationery lifestyle. Hunting/Gathering agricultural production and domestication of animals.
The Agricultural Revolution • 8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE • Agriculture developed independently in different parts of the world. • SLASH-AND-BURN Farming Middle East India Central America China Southeast Asia 8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 BCE
The Agricultural Revolution ? ? Development of Agriculture ? ?
The Agricultural Revolution Why do you think the development of agriculture occurred around the same time in several different places?
The Agricultural Revolution Why do some archaeologists believe that women were the first farmers?
Early Settled Communities • Growing crops on a regular basis made possible the support of larger populations. • More permanent, settled communities emerged. • 9,000 BCE Earliest Agricultural Settlement atJARMO( northern Iraq ) wheat
Early Settled Communities • 8,000 BCE Largest Early Settlement atÇatal Hüyük( Modern Turkey ) 6,000 inhabitants • 12 cultivated crops • Division of labor • Engaged in trade • Organized religion An obsidian dagger • Small military
Early Settled Communities Çatal Hüyük
The Agricultural Revolution What role did the food supply play in shaping the nomadic life of hunter-gatherers and the settled life of the farmers?
Why is the "Neolithic Revolution" a turning point in human history??
What is the next step in the development of human settlements??
CITIES ! CIVILIZATIONS !!
What are the characteristics of a civilization??
Advanced Cities Advanced Technology CIVILIZATION Specialized Workers Record- Keeping Complex Institutions