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14.1 Essential Questions

14.1 Essential Questions. How did westward expansion change the geography of the nation and demonstrate the determination of its people? What cultures and ideas influenced the development of the West? What did Manifest Destiny mean?. 14.1 The West. Main Idea

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14.1 Essential Questions

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  1. 14.1 Essential Questions • How did westward expansion change the geography of the nation and demonstrate the determination of its people? • What cultures and ideas influenced the development of the West? • What did Manifest Destiny mean?

  2. 14.1 The West Main Idea By the early 1800’s, Americans thought of the area beyond the Great Plains as the western frontier.

  3. What was the West? • A frontier is the land that forms the farthest extent of a nation’s settled regions. • West of the Appalachian Mtns.> Mississippi River> Great Plains. • Today’s frontiers: -Our oceans. -outer space.

  4. The Great Plains (pg. 318) • Farmers and settlers were not attracted to this vast region. -Not suitable for farming. -Required too much manual labor to break up dirt.

  5. The Northwest (pg. 319) • Present day Oregon and Washington states. • Claimed by USA, Great Britain, Spain, and Russia.

  6. Mexican Settlements, Spanish Rule (pg. 320) • Mercantilism-trade with mother country. • Class system organized by ethnicity and birth. -Spanish intermarriages. • Groups created distinct Southwestern cultures.

  7. Native Americans (pg. 320) • Spanish Missions -Convert N. Amer., forced to work. -1000’s died of overworking and disease. -Blending of cultures and language.

  8. Mexico Wins Independence (pg. 320) • In 1821. • Traded with other countries. • Under Spanish rule, land grants (government gifts of land) given to certain classes. • Mexico, rancheros given land. -Missions removed from church rule. -land given to rancheros. -Indian rebellions.

  9. Manifest Destiny (pg. 321) • The United States is destined (or meant), to extend “sea to shining sea.” • Expansion, extending the nation beyond its existing borders.

  10. 14.2 Essential Questions • Why did people go west and what challenges did they face? • Why did women enjoy greater equality in the West than in the East?

  11. 14.2 Pop Quiz

  12. 14.3 Essential Questions • What were the causes and effects of the Texas War for Independence and the Mexican-American War? • How was the annexation of Texas linked to Oregon? • How did the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo help the United States achieve Manifest Destiny?

  13. Voc. Pick Three Words • Annie Bidwell • Laura Ingalls Wilder • Stephen Austin • Levy • Dictatorship • Siege • Battle of the Alamo • Sam Houston • Annex • James K. Polk • Cede • John C. Fremont • Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo • Mexican Cession

  14. Pop Quiz

  15. Conflict with Mexico Timeline 1820 • Spanish governor of Texas gives Moses Austin permission to establish a small colony in Texas. • His son Stephen Austin takes it over when Moses dies.

  16. 1821 • Mexico becomes independent from Spain.

  17. 1830 • Mexico banned further American settlements. • Texans continue to come and bring slaves. • Mexico levy (forces to pay) heavy taxes.

  18. 1833 • General Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana becomes president of Mexico. • Abolition Mexican constitution and named his self dictator (one-person ruler).

  19. 1836 • Texas declares independence from Mexico. • Santa Ana siege (an attack in which one force surrounds a city or fort) at the Alamo. All American men killed. • Battle of San Jacinto, Santa Anna forced to sign treaty, recognizing Texas independence. • Republic of Texas from 1836-1845. Sam Houston president.

  20. 1844 • Annexation of Texas debated during election. • Whig nominated Henry Clay as presidential candidate. • James K. Polk wanted both Texas and Oregon annexed, Polk elected president.

  21. 1845 • Mexican-American War begins. Due to the annexation of Texas and border disputes. • Mexico does not want to cede (give up) more land.

  22. 1847 • Southern California under American control due to the Bear Flag Rebellion. John C. Fremontbecomes its leader.

  23. 1848 • Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo formally ends war. • Mexican Cession, territory lost California, Nevada, Utah, parts of Wyoming, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico. • USA gives Mexico $18 million.

  24. 1853 • Gadsden Purchase, USA pays Mexico $10 million for a narrow strip of land in New Mexico and Arizona. (look on page 332)

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