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HYDERABAD SOURCE APPORTIONMENT STUDY

HYDERABAD SOURCE APPORTIONMENT STUDY. Alan Gertler 1 , Judy Chow 1 , Johann Engelbrecht 1 , Collin Green 2 , Sarath Guttikunda 3 , Ramani Koppaka 4 , Dasari Prasad 4 , Monisha Shah 2 , and Katherine Sibold 5 1 Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada, US

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HYDERABAD SOURCE APPORTIONMENT STUDY

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  1. HYDERABAD SOURCE APPORTIONMENT STUDY Alan Gertler1, Judy Chow1, Johann Engelbrecht1, Collin Green2, Sarath Guttikunda3, Ramani Koppaka4, Dasari Prasad4, Monisha Shah2, and Katherine Sibold5 1Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada, US 2National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Washington, DC, US 3The World Bank, Washington, DC, US 4Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board, Hyderabad, India 5US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, US

  2. Presentation Outline • Objectives • Sampling locations • Sampling and analytical methods • Results • Mass • Source apportionment • Summary and conclusions

  3. Study Objectives • Determine the major sources contributing to elevated levels of PM10 and PM2.5 • Improve and validate the existing emissions inventory • Train and build capacity in source apportionment analysis and application • Strengthen local environmental management and decision making capacity • Support industrial and transportation measures that integrate cleaner energy technologies with environmental management techniques • Provide data to support integrated policies to reduce both PM and green house gas emissions

  4. Sampling Sites (1) • Punjagutta (residential and commercial) • Chikkadpally (residential and commercial) • Hyderabad Central University (upwind/background)

  5. Sampling Sites (2) Chikkadpally Punjagutta HCU

  6. Sampling Dates and Methods • Sampling period: November 12 to December 1, 2005 • Samples collected every other day • 10 Sampling days • Airmetrics MiniVol Samplers: 5 liters per minute, 24-hour sampling periods • PM10 and PM2.5: pairs of Teflon/quartz fiber filters

  7. Analytical Methods • Mass • Cl-, NO3-, SO4=: IC • NH4+: AC • Na, K, Ca, Mg: AA • Metals: XRF • OC/EC: TOR

  8. Results: Mass

  9. CMB Apportionment • Performs least-squares regression weighted by effective variances • U.S.EPA/DRI Version 8.2 CMB • Input: source profiles and ambient concentrations • Output: Source Contribution Estimates (SCEs) • Diagnostics: % Mass, R2, Chi2

  10. Results: Chikkadpally

  11. Results: Punjagutta

  12. Results: HCU

  13. Mobile Source Contribution (tailpipe) 49 - 58 % for PM10, 49 - 56 % for PM2.5

  14. Summary and Conclusions (1) • Samples were collected at three locations during November/December 2005. • In country scientists performed the field work, laboratory anaylses were performed in the US. • All locations exhibited elevated levels of both PM10 and PM2.5, with a maximum average of 160 μg/m3 PM10 and 86 μg/m3 PM2.5.

  15. Summary and Conclusions (2) • Motor vehicles were the major source of the observed PM, contributing 49 percent or more to both PM10 and PM2.5. • Other major sources included: • Resuspended soil (likely to originate from re-entrainment of paved and unpaved road dust • Biomass burning • Coal combustion (likely from cooking sources). • Based on this work, we can find that residents of Hyderabad are exposed to unhealthy levels of PM, with motor vehicles being the major source of the problem.

  16. Acknowledgements Support for this work was provided by: • Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board • The World Bank • U.S. National Renewable Energy Lab • U.S. EPA

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