Europe, Africa, and Latin America Study Guide

1. Europe, Africa, and Latin America Study Guide • Chapters 1 and 2 – The Fall of Rome and The Development of Feudalism • 1. Name 3 factors that led to the fall of the Roman Empire. • _____________________________________________________________________ • _____________________________________________________________________ • _____________________________________________________________________ • 2. Define the following: • Manor – ______________________________________________________________ • Fief – ________________________________________________________________ • Vassal – ______________________________________________________________ • Serf – ________________________________________________________________ • Chivalry – _____________________________________________________________ • 3. Complete the feudal pyramid below by ranking the following social classes: • Peasant king vassal noble • 4. Name 3 purposes of the manor. • _____________________________________________________________________ • _____________________________________________________________________ • _____________________________________________________________________ What factor determined your social class?

2. Chapter 3 – The Church • 5. Who is Constantine? What did he do? • _______________________________________________________________________________ • _______________________________________________________________________________ • 6. Why was Latin important in western Europe? • _______________________________________________________________________________ • 7. Define the following: • Pilgrim – _______________________________________________________________ • Crusades – ______________________________________________________________ • Excommunicate - ________________________________________________________ • 8. Explain the Church’s role in education. • _______________________________________________________________________________ • Chapter 4 – Medieval Towns • 9. Name 3 reasons for the growth of medieval towns. • ______________________________________________________________________ • ______________________________________________________________________ • ______________________________________________________________________ • 10. What was the purpose of a guild? How did it protect its members? How did it protect customers? • _______________________________________________________________________________ • _______________________________________________________________________________ • _______________________________________________________________________________ • 11. How did merchants become powerful? How did they show this power? • _______________________________________________________________________________ • _______________________________________________________________________________ • _______________________________________________________________________________

3. 12. Describe the living conditions in medieval towns. • ________________________________________________________________________________ • ________________________________________________________________________________ • ________________________________________________________________________________ • How was crime handled in medieval towns? • ________________________________________________________________________________ • ________________________________________________________________________________ • Chapter 5 – Decline of Feudalism • 14. What were the 3 reasons for the decline of feudalism? • _______________________________________________________________________ • _______________________________________________________________________ • _______________________________________________________________________ • 15. Define the following: • Magna Carta- ____________________________________________________________ • Nationalism - ____________________________________________________________ • Bubonic Plague – _________________________________________________________ • Hundred Years’ War - ______________________________________________________ • 16. What was the importance of common law? • ________________________________________________________________________________ • ________________________________________________________________________________ • ________________________________________________________________________________ • 17. Where did the bubonic plague originate? How did it spread? • ________________________________________________________________________________ • ________________________________________________________________________________ • ________________________________________________________________________________

4. Chapter 6 – The Byzantine Empire • How was the Byzantine Empire created? How long did it survive? • ______________________________________________________________________________ • ______________________________________________________________________________ • Chapter 10 – The Crusades • Name 3 positive influences the crusades had on Christians. • _____________________________________________________________________ • _____________________________________________________________________ • _____________________________________________________________________ • Name 3 positive influences the crusades had on Muslims. • _____________________________________________________________________ • _____________________________________________________________________ • _____________________________________________________________________ • Where did the Reconquista take place? What were its results? • ______________________________________________________________________________ • Chapter 27 and 30 – The Renaissance and Reformation • How did trade contribute to the growth of the Renaissance? • ______________________________________________________________________________ • ______________________________________________________________________________ • Define humanism • ______________________________________________________________________________ • ______________________________________________________________________________ • 24. What was the main cause of the Reformation? • ______________________________________________________________________________ • ______________________________________________________________________________

5. Chapters 23, 26, and 32 – The Age of Exploration and the Americas • Name 3 motivating factors that led to the Age of Exploration. • ______________________________________________________________________ • ______________________________________________________________________ • ______________________________________________________________________ • 26. Trade routes already existed across the Mediterranean Sea. Why did Portugal and Spain seek out different routes? • ______________________________________________________________________________ • ______________________________________________________________________________ • Italy never participated in exploration. Why not? • ______________________________________________________________________________ • ______________________________________________________________________________ • Define mercantilism. • ______________________________________________________________________________ • 29. Tenochtitlan was built mainly on the lakebed of Lake Texcoco. What two engineering feats made this possible? • ___________________ - definition: _____________________________________________ • __________________________________________________________________________ • ___________________ - definition: _____________________________________________ • __________________________________________________________________________ • 30. How does mercantilism apply to Spain’s interests in the New World? • _____________________________________________________________________________ • _____________________________________________________________________________ • ___________________________________________________________________________

6. 31. How did tribute contribute to the success of the Aztecs? Define tribute: ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Connection to Aztecs:___________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 32. What inventive achievement mastered by the Inca aided them in trade …. communication …. warfare …. control of their empire? ____________________________________________ Describe in detail: _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 33. The mountain range where the Incan society flourished. _____________________________ 34. A lasting legacy is something that is maintained for generations, even into modern times. What cultural institution did Spain introduce to the New World that remains evident to this day? ______________________ explain: _________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 35 Many new products crossed the Atlantic Ocean to and from the New World. Which three items in the word box were new to Europe during this trans-Atlantic trade? ___________________ ________________________________________ fish salt corn pork horses potatoes gold chickens cocoa silver Complete the following chart: Spanish conquistador location of conquest name of empire ruler of empire

7. Chapter 11 – Early Societies in West Africa 35. In order, what were the three early West African kingdoms? A. ___________________________________ B. ___________________________________ C. ___________________________________ 36. What influenced the different types of products West Africans could produce and trade? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 37. What river served as “a trading highway” in West Africa? _______________________________________________________________________________ 38. Why was the process of iron-smelting important to the growth of West African societies? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Chapter 12 – Ghana: A West African Trading Empire 39. Which geographic feature was a major barrier to trade between West Africa and the regions of North Africa and the Middle East? _______________________________________________________________________________ 40. How did Ghana gain much of its wealth, leading to larger armies and the conquest of new lands? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 41. How have historians learned about the kingdom of Ghana? _______________________________________________________________________________ 42. Who ruled Ghana’s empire in the 1100’s? _______________________________________________________________________________ 43. Which domesticated animal did Trans-Saharan trade largely depend upon? _______________________________________________________________________________ Chapter 13 – The Influence of Islam on West Africa 44. Which religious practices were found in West Africa before Islamic influence reached the region? A. _____________________________________________________________________________ B. _____________________________________________________________________________ C. _____________________________________________________________________________

8. 45. How did courts change under Islamic law? • A. _____________________________________________________________________________ • B. _____________________________________________________________________________ • C. _____________________________________________________________________________ • 46. Why did Muslims copy books by hand? • _________________________________________________________________________________ • 47. Educationally, what was the city of Timbuktu known for? • _________________________________________________________________________________ • _________________________________________________________________________________