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Introduction to Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace (IPB) 100707

Introduction to Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace (IPB) 100707. Overview. Define IPB? Why we conduct IPB? Four steps of IPB Process Two types of IPB Products. Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace (IPB).

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Introduction to Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace (IPB) 100707

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  1. Introduction to Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace (IPB) 100707 Intro to IPB (MCIS – ) 081118

  2. Overview • Define IPB? • Why we conduct IPB? • Four steps of IPB Process • Two types of IPB • Products Intro to IPB (MCIS – ) 081118

  3. Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace (IPB) • IPB is a systematic, continuous process of analyzing the threat and environment in a specific geographic area. Intro to IPB (MCIS – ) 081118

  4. Why we do IPB • Determines and evaluates threat capabilities, vulnerabilities, and probable Courses of Action (COAs) • Develops IRs/PIRs • Drives collection and targeting efforts • Reduces uncertainty and provides preferredalternatives Intro to IPB (MCIS – ) 081118

  5. The Operational/Battlespace Environment Fluid in Nature Urban Terrain Diverse Threats Multi-National Forces Unpredictable Restrictive ROE

  6. 1 4 Mission 2 3 Four IPB Steps Define the Battlespace Environment Determine Threat COAs Describe the Battlespace Effects Evaluate the Threat Intro to IPB (MCIS – ) 081118

  7. Formal IPB Process • Revolves around the mission • Conducted prior to & during initial planning • IPB products may include: • Terrain Analysis (TX) products • Climatic summaries • Detailed studies of the “threat“ • Course of Action Development • Continue to refine to ensure: • Products remain complete & valid • Answer follow-up questions Intro to IPB (MCIS – ) 081118

  8. Small Unit IPB • Revolves around the mission • Limited detail due to time and personnel • More of a mental process • Only essential overlays are produced • Based on map reconnaissance Intro to IPB (MCIS – ) 081118

  9. Graphics • Key to IPB process (picture says a thousand words) • Only key products should be produced • Time is largest factor • Mission dependent Intro to IPB (MCIS – ) 081118

  10. 1 4 Mission 2 3 Step 1Define the Battlespace Environment Define the Battlespace Environment Determine Threat COAs Describe the Battlespace Effects Evaluate the Threat Intro to IPB (MCIS – ) 081118

  11. Step 1 Define the Battlespace Environment • Physical space where activity will occur • Focuses the IPB effort • Identify key features and activities of the environment • Begin acquisition of intelligence to complete IPB Intro to IPB (MCIS – ) 081118

  12. Step 1 Define the Battlespace EnvironmentIdentify Battlespace • Area of Operations (AO) - an area assigned to a commander with authority and responsibility for the conduct of operations. • Area of Influence (AI) - geographical area where a commander is able to influence operations through C2 of maneuver or fire support systems. • Area of Interest (AOI) - extends, in as irregular a shape and as far as needed, in all directions to safeguard the command from surprise. Intro to IPB (MCIS – ) 081118

  13. I I Area of Operations I I Step 1 Define the Battlespace EnvironmentArea of Operations (AO) • Geographical area defined by lateral, rear, and forward boundaries • The area a Commander has responsibility & authority to conduct military operations • Assigned by HHQ OPS Overlay Intro to IPB (MCIS – ) 081118

  14. Step 1 Define the Battlespace EnvironmentArea of Operations (AO) • AOs may be static, people & information are not • AOs can cut: • Physical LOCs • Tribal boundaries • Economic boundaries • Cultural boundaries COIN IPB (MCIS – R. Lee Mulnix) 081223

  15. Step 1 Define the Battlespace EnvironmentArea of Influence • Conceptual physical volume • Determined by capabilities of a unit to acquire and engage threat targets • May include long range assets of supporting and HHQ Intro to IPB (MCIS – ) 081118

  16. Step 1 Define the Battlespace EnvironmentArea of Interest • Area in which intelligence isrequired to execute and plan for Operations • Base the AOI limits on enemy’s ability to project power or move forces into the AO Intro to IPB (MCIS – ) 081118

  17. Step 1 Define the Battlespace EnvironmentSignificant Characteristics • Consider threat forces and all other aspects of the environment that may have an effect on accomplishing the unit’s mission. • These might include • Terrain & weather of the area • Population demographics • Political or Socio-Economic factors • Infrastructures • Rules of Engagement • Threat forces and capabilities in general terms Intro to IPB (MCIS – ) 081118

  18. 1 4 Mission 2 3 Step 2 Describe the Battlespace Effects Define the Battlespace Environment Determine Threat COAs Describe the Battlespace Effects Evaluate the Threat Intro to IPB (MCIS – ) 081118

  19. Step 2 Describe the Battlespace EffectsWeather Analysis • Determine how Wx effects friendly, enemy and local populace • Take advantage of, or minimize its effects, through planning • Must be considered in developing friendly COA Intro to IPB (MCIS – ) 081118

  20. Step 2 Describe the Battlespace Effects Military Aspects of Wx • Five Aspects of Wx • Visibility • Winds • Precipitation • Cloud Cover • Temperature & Humidity Intro to IPB (MCIS – ) 081118

  21. UC//FOUO UC//FOUO

  22. WEATHER EFFECTS MATRIX Usually 24 hour period Period Covered: IMPACTED OVERALL WIND CLOUDS PRECIP VIS. TEMP ITEMS MANEUVER PERSONNEL ROTARY WING CAS FA ADA CHEMICAL INTEL/RSTA FAVORABLE MARGINAL UNFAVORABLE NOT APPLICABLE

  23. Step 2 Describe the Battlespace Effects Terrain Analysis • Determine effects on friendly and threat operations • Degree of detail will vary • Certain areas affect various types of operations • Identify areas that favor each type of operation Intro to IPB (MCIS – ) 081118

  24. Step 2 Describe the Battlespace Effects Military Aspects of Terrain • Key terrain • Observation and Fields of fire • Cover and Concealment • Obstacles • Avenues of Approach (AA) Intro to IPB (MCIS – ) 081118

  25. Step 2 Describe the Battlespace Effects Key Terrain • Key Terrain - Any locality or area the seizure, retention, or control of which affords a marked advantage to either combatant. • In the offense, key terrain features are usually forward of friendly dispositions and often assigned as objectives. • Terrain features in adjacent sectors may be key terrain if their control is necessary for the continuation of the attack or mission accomplishment. • Terrain which gives the threat effective observation along an axis of friendly advance if the threat must be denied its possession or control. • In the defense, key terrain is usually within the AO and within or behind the selected defensive area. • Terrain which gives good observation over AAs to and into the defensive position. • Terrain which permits the defender to cover an obstacle by fire. • Important road junctions or communication centers which affect the use of reserves, sustainment, or LOCs.

  26. Step 2 Key Terrain (cont’d) Key Terrain-Any area that the seizure, retention, or control of affords a marked advantage to either combatant. -MCRP 5-12A Population Observation Sights Airfields Ports Key Facilities

  27. Step 2 Describe the Battlespace Effects Observation & Fields of Fire • Observation is the ability to see the threat either visually or through the use of surveillance devices. • A field of fire is the area that a weapon or group of weapons may effectively cover with fire from a given position.

  28. OBSERVATION AND FIELDS OF FIRE BRANCH DAVIDIAN COMPOUND 28

  29. Step 2 Describe the Battlespace Effects Cover & Concealment • Concealment is protection from observation. • Woods, underbrush, snowdrifts, tall grass, and cultivated vegetation. • Cover is protection from the effects of direct and indirect fires. • Ditches, caves, river banks, folds in the ground, shell craters, buildings, walls, and embankments.

  30. COVER AND CONCEALMENT

  31. Step 2 Describe the Battlespace Effects Obstacles • Obstacles are any natural or manmade terrain features that stop, impede, or divert military movement.

  32. Step 2 Describe the Battlespace Effects Avenues of Approach • An AA is an air or ground route of an attacking force of a given size leading to its objective or to key terrain in its path.

  33. Step 2 Describe the Battlespace Effects Avenues of Approach (cont’d) The route or path that a force would travel in order to accomplish their mission. - MCRP 5-12A • Difference between Conventional IPB and COIN IPB • Enemy comes from anywhere and everywhere • More detailed studies on LOCs/MSRs

  34. Step 2 Describe the Battlespace Effects CIVIL CONSIDERATIONS USING ASCOPE • Analyze the six categories of civil consideration • Areas • Structures • Capabilities • Organizations • People • Events • ASCOPE analysis gives understanding of each street, neighborhood, village, and demographic cluster COIN IPB (MCIS – R. Lee Mulnix) 081223

  35. Step 2 Describe the Battlespace Effects ASCOPE (AREAS) • Areas • Identifies the boundaries of the demographic groups being analyzed • Other areas that co-exist with demographic group being analyzed • Tribes • Clans • Ethnic groups • Religious groups • Political districts • Economic districts COIN IPB (MCIS – R. Lee Mulnix) 081223

  36. x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x FOB GIGANTOR

  37. Areas Tribal Areas x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Tribe B FOB GIGANTOR Tribe A Tribe D Tribe C

  38. Areas x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Religious Boundaries Shi’a Sunni FOB GIGANTOR

  39. Areas x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Social Enclaves Shi’a Poor Sunni FOB GIGANTOR Poor Poor Rich Ex Regime Poor

  40. Areas Merchants x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Merchants x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Merchants x x x x x x Economic Districts Shi’a Poor Sunni FOB GIGANTOR Poor Poor Rich Ex Regime Poor

  41. Step 2 Describe the Battlespace Effects ASCOPE (STRUCTURES) • Structure • Identify structures & their importance to the population, adversary, & counterinsurgents Bridges Churches Jails Towers Mosques Warehouses Power plants National libraries TV/Radio Stations Dams Hospitals Markets Coffee Shops Internet Cafes • If a friendly target, what will collateral damages be? • If an enemy target, what protection must be given? • What is the service it provides the community? COIN IPB (MCIS – R. Lee Mulnix) 081223

  42. Structure Tea Shop Mosque M x x x x x x x x x x x x Mosque x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x M x x x x x x x x x x x T T T T T x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Mosque x Tea Shop Tea Shop M Tea Shop x x x x x x x x x Medical Clinic x x Mosque M x x x x Tea Shop x x FOB GIGANTOR

  43. Step 2 Describe the Battlespace Effects ASCOPE (CAPABILITIES) • Capabilities • The ability of local authorities to provide basic functions or services • Gov’t administration • Public safety • Emergency services • Food • Utilize acronym • Sewer • Water • Electricity • Academic • Trash • Medical • Security COIN IPB (MCIS – R. Lee Mulnix) 081223

  44. Favorable Marginal Unfavorable Step 2 Describe the Battlespace Effects ASCOPE (CAPABILITIES)

  45. Favorable Marginal Unfavorable Step 2 Describe the Battlespace Effects ASCOPE (CAPABILITIES)

  46. Capability Gov. Council Member G x x P x x x x x x x x x x Police x x x x Gov. Council Member x x x x P x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Police G x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x P Gov. Council Member x x x x x x x Police x G x G x x P Doctor Police Chief Gov. Council Member x x x x x x P Police FOB GIGANTOR

  47. Step 2 Describe the Battlespace Effects ASCOPE (ORGANIZATIONS) • Organizations • Public and private groups in AO with: • Hierarchical structure • Defined goals • Established operations • Fixed facilities or meeting places • Financial or logistical support • May be indigenous or external • They include: Tribal or ethnic groups Labor unions Church groups Fraternal orders Patriotic organizations Criminal organizations Political parties Community groups • This DOES NOT include evaluation of threat organizations operating within the AO COIN IPB (MCIS – R. Lee Mulnix) 081223

  48. Organization x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Poor Middle Merchants FOB GIGANTOR Poor Squatters Poor Middle Merchants Squatters Rich Ex Regime TL G Middle Merchants Poor Squatters

  49. Step 2 Describe the Battlespace Effects ASCOPE (PEOPLE) • People refers to primary communicators and their means of communication • Includes everyone within AO/AI whose actions, opinions, or influence can affect the mission • Communications are formal & informal • Visual: graffiti, posters, signs, billboards, murals, videos, DVDs, TV, etc. • Audible: local radio, loudspeakers, public readings, speeches, sermons, etc. • Counterinsurgents information dissemination should include the same techniques. COIN IPB (MCIS – R. Lee Mulnix) 081223

  50. People Gov. Council Member G x x x x x x x x x x x x G G G G G G G G G x x x x Gov. Council Member x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x TL x x x x x x x G x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Gov. Council Member x x x TL x x x x x G x TL G x x TL Gov. Council Member x x x x x x Graffiti Graffiti FOB GIGANTOR Graffiti Graffiti Graffiti

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