Exploring Computer Science at USNA Summer Seminar 2002

1. Summer Seminar 2002 Dr. Don Needham (USNA ’83) Computer Science Department U.S. Naval Academy

2. Admin Notes • Restrooms – Next to the elevator • Please sign Name and Address Sheet • Login Procedures • Press <Ctrl>-<Alt>-<Delete> Keys simultaneously • User name: sseminar • Password: sseminar • Log on to: CS-STUDENTS • Press Ok Button

3. Agenda • Why Computer Science? • USNA Computer Science Department • Searching the Web • Introduction to HTML

4. Why Computer Science? • Why consider majoring in Computer Science? • A truly marketable degree, potential for growth • Can keep current with CS as a Naval Officer • Job availability (both in and out of the Navy!) • The #1 fastest growing field in the world • 5 of the 6 richest humans in the world in 1999 made their fortunes in computer-related fields

5. Why Computer Science? • Skills you will learn while earning your degree • Programming skills in languages such as • C++ (the #1 industry computer language) • Java • LISP / Scheme • Assembler • HTML / XML • Working familiarity with powerful programming tools and environments such as • Microsoft Visual Studio (Visual C++, Visual Basic, InterDev) • Microsoft .NET • J++ Builder. • Linux

6. Why Computer Science? • Skills you will learn while earning your degree (cont.) • Distributed computing solutions • Networking knowledge ranging from the hardware level to the application level • Experience with 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional graphics • Programming at the hardware level using assembly to control registers, input and output devices, etc.

7. Agenda • Why Computer Science? • USNA Computer Science Department • Searching the Web • Introduction to HTML

8. USNA Computer Science Dept • USNA Computer Science Department • B.S. in Computer Science • Nationally Accredited by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) • Fourteen faculty members • Seven Civilian • Seven Military

9. USNA Computer Science Dept • USNA Computer Science Department (cont.) • Strong Core Curriculum • Opportunities to explore the following areas in depth • Computer Networks • Software Engineering • Artificial Intelligence and Robotics • Computer Architecture • Computer Graphics • For more information, check out our website: • www.cs.usna.edu

10. USNA CS Majors • Recent Activities of USNA CS majors: • Summer Internships • National Security Agency (NSA) • Naval Research Lab (Washington DC) • Information Assurance (Attacked by NSA!) • Beowulf Cluster • Netcentric Warfare (Trident Scholar) • Autonomous Underwater Vehicle competition

11. AUV Competition • Competing against other universities • July 31st • Sunny Southern California • Goal: To broaden the interest in AUVs and associated technologies by challenging a new generation of engineers to perform realistic missions in the underwater environment

12. U S N A NAVY ‘02 BEAT ARMY UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY Mission Camera takes picture and stores barcode in file – the depth of the barcode is also stored Depth Sensor and Altimeter work together to figure out depth of pinger

13. Actual Course Control Algorithm Desired Course + _ Basic Control Sensors PC104 Thrusters

14. USNA’s AUV Entry

15. SEA TRIALS Watch the AUV in action . . .

16. Agenda • Why Computer Science? • USNA Computer Science Department • Searching the Web • Introduction to HTML

17. How big is the Web? • Conservative estimates place Web at 2-3 Billion pages of information • More liberal estimates place Web near 10 Billion pages of information

18. How much of the Web is covered?

19. Search Engines • Google (www.google.com) • Uses “Link Popularity” algorithm to rank Web pages • Customizable Toolbar add-on for MS-Internet Explorer • Altavista (www.altavista.com) • Includes directory results from LookSmart • Babelfish translation service • Excite (www.excite.com) • Includes directory results from LookSmart

20. Search Engines • A Web page database system • System Elements • “Spider” or “Robot” • Software program that visits a Web page, records information within the page, and follows embedded links to other pages • Returns to sites on a periodic basis to update Index • Index (Database) • Contains copy of desired Web pages found by the Spider • Contains referencing information based on a set desired criteria to Web pages scanned by the Spider • Search Engine • Finds matches to queries • Ranks Web pages according to implemented algorithm

21. Search Engine Queries • Natural Language Queries • Query looks like a normal question • What is a black hole? • Where can I find information about Navy sports? • Advantage • No difficult syntax to learn • Disadvantages • Imprecise • Many irrelevant results • Examples • www.askjeeves.com, www.altavista.com, www.excite.com

22. Search Engine Queries • Pattern Matching • Form query using keyword or group of keywords • Use unique keywords • Avoid keywords that might be in irrelevant documents • Search engine returns any page that “contains” these keywords • May occur anywhere on the page • Within the first 100 words of the page • In the title of the page • Occur frequently on the page

23. Improving Search Queries • Capitalize proper nouns and names • Wildcards • Usually use the “*” character • Help find: • Different forms of a word • Common misspellings • Alternate spellings • Examples: • wish*: Finds wish, wishes, wishful, wishbone • organi*ation: Finds organisation or organization

24. Improving Search Queries • Specify “mandatory” keywords • To require that a word appears on page, use “+” character • Example: +peanut +origin • To ensure a word does not appear on page, use “-” character • Example: +peanut +origin -snoopy

25. Improving Search Queries • Phrase Matching • Enclose a sequence of words in quotations “phrase” • Examples • “Yosemite camping reservations” • “Ken Griffey”

26. Improving Search Queries • Restricting Search Domains • Domain Searches (e.g., .org, .com) • Domain:edu (MSN) • host:edu (Alta Vista) • site:edu (Google) • Site Searches • domain:microsft.com (MSN) • host:microsoft.com (Alta Vista) • site:microsoft.com (Google)

27. Agenda • Why Computer Science? • USNA Computer Science Department • Searching the Web • Introduction to HTML

28. HTML • Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) • Set of "markup" symbols or codes (tags) • Inserted in a text file which is intended for display on a Web browser • Tells Web browser how to display a Web page's words and images

29. Creating HTML Documents • Need: • A text editor to create an ASCII file with an extension of .html or .htm (use html for our purposes) • Notepad • Word Processor (save as an ASCII text file) • HTML Editor • A Web browser to test your pages

30. Getting Started • Start Notepad • Do NOT use WordPad • Save empty document to • Click File/Save As… • Save in: S:\ drive • File name: May use any name BUT must append .html after name • Start Internet Explorer • Open file created with Notepad • Click File/Open…/Browse… • Select your file • Browser should appear blank

31. HTML Syntax <TAG attribute1=”value1” attribute2=”value2”>Item to be formatted</TAG> • Number of attributes vary (may be none) • Best to put quotes around attribute values • Ending or closing tag same as starting tag with “/” in front of the tag name • Not all tags require closing tags • Not case sensitive • <HR> and <hr> are both okay

32. Create basic HTML skeleton in Notepad document Only enter the <tags> <html> <head> head elements </head> <body> body elements </body> </html> Basic HTML Document

33. The <title> tag Goes between <head> and </head> tags Should provide a concise description of page Displayed in title bar of browser window Used as default bookmark description Can affect how document is indexed by some search engines Example <title>Text</title> <html> <head> <title>…</title> </head> <body> body elements </body> </html> Creating a Title

34. Save Notepad document Click File/Save Refresh browser Click View/Refresh Title text now appears in browser’s Title Bar <html> <head> <title>…</title> </head> <body> body elements </body> </html> Update Web Page View

35. The <h> tag Six levels of headings (n is a value between 1 and 6) Goes between <body> and </body> tags Most prominent <h1>…</h1> Least prominent <h6>...</h6> <html> <head> <title>…</title> </head> <body> <h1>…</h1> <h4>…</h4> </body> </html> Creating Headings

36. HTML Paragraph Formatting • Whitespace is ignored in HTML • Carriage Returns • Spaces (more than one) • Tabs • Use it in your HTML code to increase readability • In order to break up text use: • Paragraph tag: <p>Text</p> • Break tag: <br>

37. HTML Paragraph Formatting • Centering text • Use <center> tag • Example: • <center>Text</center> • Use ALIGN attribute with heading or paragraph tags • Example: • <p align=“center”>Text</p> • <h3 align=“center”>Text</h3>

38. Colors • Two ways of defining colors in HTML • Color Names • May vary from browser to browser • Color Numbering • 216 safe colors • www.usna.edu/Masters/Resources/colors.htm

39. Setting Defaults • <body> tag attributes • Used within the <body> tag • To set the back ground color, use bgcolor • <body bgcolor = “blue”> • <body bgcolor = “0000ff”> • To set the default color for all text, use text • <body text = “red”> • <body text = “ff0000"> • To set the background as one image, use background • <body background = “usnalogo.gif”> • These attributes are deprecated(still used, but being phased out)

40. Setting Fonts • Use <font> tag with desired attribute(s) • Font Tag Attributes • Size • Seven sizes (1 - smallest, 7 - largest, 3 - default) • <font size = “4”>This is some text</font> • Color • <font color = “blue”>This will be blue</font> • Face • <font face = “arial”> • Use with caution – User must have font installed on their computer • This tag is deprecated(still used, but being phased out)

41. Syntactic-Based Styles • Specify how text should appear • <b> bold • <i> italic • <u> underline • <tt> teletype (fixed-width font) • <sub> subscript • <sup> superscript • Used in pairs (e.g., <b>U.S. Naval Academy</b>)

42. Use <table> tag to help organize information or graphics Use <tr> tag to define a row Use one or more <td> within a row to assign contents to a particular column position in a particular row <table> <tr> <td> information </td> <td> information </td> </tr> </table> Tables

43. Including Images • Image Tag Attributes • src - URL to retrieve image from • alt - Text to be displayed when moused over (or when using a text browser) • height - expressed in pixels or percentage of browser window • width - expressed in pixels or percentage of browser window • Example <img src=“usnalogo.gif” alt=“Naval Academy” height=”50" width=”100">

44. Creating Hyperlinks • Anchor Tag • Tag used to place hyperlinks in hypertext documents • Browsers change hyperlink text color & underline • Three basic parts of a hyperlink • Beginning and ending anchor tag pair <a> ... </a> • href (hyperlink reference )attribute • URL of page to be loaded when hyperlink is selected • Text (or graphic) that appears on-screen as the hyperlink • Examples • <a href=“http://www.usna.edu”>U.S. Naval Academy</a> • <a href=“mailto:thogan@usna.edu”>E-mail me!</a>

45. Resources • Tutorials • www.all-html.com, www.htmlgoodies.com • www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/General/Internet/WWW/HTMLPrimerP1.html • www.webmonkey.com • Free Clipart • www.freegraphics.com • www.clipart.com • Free Counters, Guest Books, Chat Rooms • www.freecenter.com • www.thefreesite.com

46. Summary • Computer Science is an exciting, rapidly changing field • Computer Science professionals are always in high demand • Many jobs • Top Salaries • The USNA Computer Science Department is a top-notch program which will prepare you for an exciting future in today’s technology-driven world