Direct speech and reported speech

1. Direct speech and reported speech LiliyaSharifullina

2. Statements She says: “I phone my friends every day”. She says (that) she phones her friends every day She said: ”I phone my friends every day”. She said (that) she phoned her friends every day. He said: ”I can solve this problem”. He said (that) he could solve that problem.

3. Tense Changes present simple --- past simple (V;Vs) --- (Ved;V2) future simple --- future in the past (will V) --- (would V) She said past simple --- past perfect (Ved;V2) --- (had V3) present perfect --- past perfect (have/has V3) --- (had V3)

4. Questions • Для передачи в косвенной речи вопросов чаще всего используется глаголы: asked, wanted to know, wondered • При изложении в косвенной речи общих вопросов используется один из названных глаголов с союзом if ,при этом порядок слов в вопросе становится прямым.She said: “Are you a good pupil?” – She askedif I was a good pupil. • Для передачи в косвенной речи специальных вопросов союз if не используется, порядок слов в вопросе становится прямым.She said: “What is he doing now?” – She wanted to knowwhat he was doing then.

5. Commands, orders, requests • Ask, advise, order, remind, teach, tell, warn Don’t --- not to V ---- to V He says: “Go to the shop, please.” (положительная просьба) He asks/tells to go to the shop. He says: ”Don’t go to the shop.” (отрицательная просьба) He asks/tells not to go to the shop.

6. Modal Verbs Direct SpeechIndirect Speech Can Could Could Had been able to May Might Might Might Be to Was/were to Have to Had to Must Must Should Should Ought Ought Need Needed

7. Verbs to use • To announce объявлять, заявлять, извещать • To declare объявлять, заявлять, провозглашать • To inform сообщать, информировать • To remark отмечать, замечать, высказываться • To admit допускать, признавать • To deny отрицать • To agree соглашаться • To disagree не соглашаться • To remind напомнить • To promise обещать • To explain объяснять • To reply ответить • To think думать, полагать • To advise советовать • To offer предлагать • To complain жаловаться

8. Report the questions: • She says to me, “Do you travel to Europe every year?” • The teacher said, “What are you thinking about?” • Lusy said to Kate, “Have you bought a new car?”

9. Answers • She asks me if I travel to Europe every year. • The teacher wondered what they were thinking about. • Lucy asked if Kate had bought a new car.