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Out of chaos

Out of chaos. An Introduction to Characters from Greek Mythology --TVHS Myth/ Sci Fi, Mrs. Solt —. The world begins with chaos. Chaos=Emptiness Out of chaos the first three immortals emerge Gaea Tartarus Eros. Gaea. Gaea (or Gaia)=Mother Earth, the great mother of all.

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Out of chaos

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  1. Out of chaos An Introduction to Characters from Greek Mythology --TVHS Myth/Sci Fi, Mrs. Solt—

  2. The world begins with chaos • Chaos=Emptiness • Out of chaos the first three immortals emerge • Gaea • Tartarus • Eros

  3. Gaea • Gaea (or Gaia)=Mother Earth, the great mother of all. • Pronounced JEE-uh • Gave birth to the sky, mountain, and sea gods

  4. Tartarus • Tartarus=Underworld • Pronounced TAHR-tur-ruhs • Considered both a god and a place • Opposite the dome of heaven. It would take nine days to fall from earth to Tartarus.

  5. Eros • Eros=Love • Pronounced AIR-ohs • Chaos and Eros created the universe • The Roman version is the god Cupid

  6. RECAP

  7. The children of gaea • Gaea’s immaculate births create • Uranus • Ourea • Pontus

  8. URANUS • Uranus=Father Sky • Pronounced yoo-RAY-nuhs • After marriage to Gaea becomes ruler of the sky • This represents a shift from matriarchal to patriarchal rule

  9. ourea • Ourea=Mountains (plural) • The ten Ourea include Olympus • Mountains were occasionally depicted in classical art as bearded old men rising up from between their craggy peaks. • Each mountain had its own nymph

  10. pontus • Pontus=Sea • With Gaia, he became father of Nereus (the Old Man in the Sea), Thaumas (danger of the sea), Phorcys, Ceto, Furybia. • With Thalassa (a sea goddess) he became father of Telchines and all the life of the sea.

  11. RECAP

  12. Gaea marries uranus +

  13. Gaea and Uranus bore • Hundred-Handed (or Hundred-Headed) Giants • Cyclopes • Thirteen Titans

  14. The hundred-handed giants • The Hundred-Handed Giants were three figures of great strength. • Some references report they had one-hundred hands and fifty heads.

  15. cyclopes • Singular (Cyclops) pronounced SY-klahps • Plural (Cyclopes) rhymes with sy-KLAH-peez • Three were born to Gaea and Uranus • Brontes, Steropes and Arges • The Cyclopes were craftsmen and later built palaces for the Gods on Mount Olympus

  16. titans • These are the first of what we commonly refer to as the Greek gods. • The first generation who ruled “the Golden Age” of Greece consisted of twelve main Titans (a thirteenth is also sometimes referenced) • From this first group, Cronus and Rhea are important members. • The second generation of Titans was also important

  17. The titans • Oceanus(o-SEE-uhn-us):God of the Sea. • Thetis(THEE-tis):Sister and wife of Oceanus. • Hyperion(hy-PEER-ee-uhn):God of the Sun. • Theia(THEE-uh): Sister and wife of Hyperion. • Themis(THEE-mis):An earth goddess. • Rhea(REE-uh):An earth goddess. • Mnemosyne(nee-MOS-uh-nee):Goddess of Memory. • Iapetus(eye-AP-puh-tus): No notable responsibilities. • Coeus(Koy-os): No notable responsibilities. • Phoebe(FEE-bee): No notable responsibilities. • Crius(KREE-uhs): No notable responsibilities. • Cronus(KROH'-nuhs) : The brightest, strongest, and cleverest of all.

  18. Uranus and his children • Uranus was afraid of the Giants and Cyclopes. • He bound them up immediately after they were born and threw them deep into Gaea’s womb (buried in the earth) • Some accounts say they each fell for nine days and nine nights, landing in Tartarus on the tenth day • This event creates a silent chasm between Gaea and Uranus

  19. Gaea’s revenge • Gaea bided her time until she could take revenge for the disappearance of her beloved children. • She made a sickle and asked the Titans for their help in her plan. • Cronus was the only willing volunteer.

  20. The attack of cronus • Cronus used the sickle to ambush his father and castrate him, throwing the cut parts into the sea. • The sea surrounded the parts with foam. • The blood flowed back into the Earth (Gaea) • Cronus became God of the sky in place of his father

  21. Aphrodite • Aphrodite=goddess of beauty and sexual desire • Pronounced af-roh-DY-tee • Born out of the foam

  22. From the blood of uranus . . . • The three Furies: • Snakes for hair • Dogs’ heads • Black bodies • Bats’ wings • Bloodshot eyes • Tormented those who committed patricide, matricide, or who broke oaths, driving the sinners to insanity

  23. From the blood of uranus . . . • The Giants • Snake tails

  24. gaea’s prophecy • Cronus ignored his promise to free his brothers • This angered Gaea • She waited for the opportunity for revenge • Her prophecy: the sons of Cronus would one day overpower him, as he had done his father

  25. RECAP

  26. RECAP

  27. Cronus marries rhea +

  28. Cronus and Rhea bore Known as the Olympians (because they eventually went to live on Mount Olympus) • Hestia • Demeter • Hera • Hades • Poseidon • Zeus

  29. Cheating the fates? • Cronus feared the prophecy • He thought he could cheat the Fates • After the birth of each child he swallowed him/her

  30. The secret life of zeus • With the advice of Gaea, Rhea birthed and raised Zeus in secret in a cave in Crete

  31. Tricking cronus • After the birth of Zeus, Rhea held out her new “baby” for Cronus. • He immediately swallowed it, thinking he had swallowed his new baby. • In fact, he had swallowed a rock.

  32. Prophecy becomes reality • Zeus poisoned his father • Cronus threw up the children he swallowed • The children took revenge on Cronus • 10 year war between Cronus and Titans vs. Zeus and his siblings

  33. Up from tartarus • Gaea told Zeus of her lost children. • Zeus and his brothers rescued Gaea’s children in Tartarus, and they joined the fight. • In exchange for their freedom, the Cyclopes gave • Zeus the gift of thunder and lightning (symbolized in the thunderbolt) • Poseidon a trident, and • Hades the helmet of invisibility

  34. Children who emerged from cronus • Hera (HIR-uh): Goddess of marriage • Poseidon (puh-SY-duhn): God of the sea • Hades (HAY-deez):God of the underworld • Hestia (HES-tee-uh):Goddess of the hearth • Demeter (dih-MEE-tur):Goddess of crops and the harvest

  35. This is war! • The two sides fought heavily, but couldn’t kill each other (they were al immortal) • Earth and sea were in a great upheaval • The mountains quaked • Even Tartarus felt the impact • War ends from destruction caused when Zeus threw his thunderbolt and the Titans were captured and taken to Tartarus

  36. The Hundred-Handed Giants are sent to be guards of Tartarus

  37. Atlas (son of the Titan Iapetus) fought against the Olympians during the war. • His brothers Prometheus (proh-MEE-thee-us) and Epimetheus (ep-ee-MEE-thee-us) instead made an alliance with the Olympians during the war. • Instead of being sent to Tartarus, Zeus made Atlas stand on the edge of Gaia and hold up Uranus on his shoulders to prevent the two from coming together again. • NOT holding up the earth but the celestial spheres

  38. The three male gods (Olympians) drew lots for kingdoms • Zeus=Sky • Poseidon=Sea • Hades=Underworld

  39. Zeus=ladies’ man His numerous affairs after his marriage with Hera: • Europa • Io • Semele • Ganymede • Callisto • Maia • Metis • Dione • Danae • Before his marriage to Hera (Olympian), Zeus was married to: • Metis (MEE-tis)—daughter of Oceanus and Thetis (Titans) • Themis (Titan) • and Mnemosyne (Titan) • Also had interest in Demeter (Olympian), who didn’t go for him. • Before his marriage to Hera, he was also involved with Leto—daughter of Coeus and Phoebe(Titans).

  40. Zeus marries Hera +

  41. Children of Zeus: Goddesses • WITH LETO: • Apollo (a-POL-lo}: god of prophecy, medicine, archery • Artemis (AHR-tuh-mis): goddess of hunt • WITH MAIA: Hermes (HUR-meez): Zeus’s messenger • WITH METIS: Athena (a-THEE-na}: goddess of arts, crafts, and defensive war • WITH MNEMOSYNE: the Muses • WITH THEMIS: Horai (Seasons) and Moirai (Fates) • WITH DEMETER: Persephone (pur-SEF-uh-nee): queen of the Underworld • WITH DIONE: Aphrodite (af-roh-DY-tee): goddess of love • WITH HERA: • Hephaestus (huh-FES-tuhs): metal smith • Ares (AIR-eez): god of war • Eileithyia (ehl-IH-thee-uh): goddess of childbirth and labor pains • Hebe (HEE-bee): goddess of youth

  42. Children of Zeus: mortals • Zeus was also the father of the first mortals • First generation: Race of Gold • Description: Peaceful and just • Relationship with the gods: good • Aging: Didn’t show age • Weather: Had eternal spring • Death: Died peacefully and their spirits roamed the mists and taught other mortals to be just

  43. Children of Zeus: mortals • Second generation: Race of Silver • Description: Didn’t do as well. Selfish with lots of injustice and war • Relationship with the gods: No effort to appease or respect the gods. They made Zeus angry. • Aging: Big “babies” (not literally) living with their mothers for 100 years, though their bodies aged, their spirits remained young. • Life: More difficult. Had to build houses because of he weather. Had to toil in the fields as food as scarce. • Weather: had four seasons • Death: Spirits entered Underworld when they died

  44. Children of Zeus: mortals • Third generation: Race of Bronze • Description: A cruel race • Relationship with the gods: Loved Ares above all gods • Aging: Died young because of their violent natures and obsession with war • Death: Spirits entered Underworld when they died and left no trace behind

  45. Children of Zeus: mortals • Fourth generation: Race of Heroes • Description: More virtuous and noble than recent generations. Some died in war against Troy (and other wars) • Relationship with the gods: Cared for by Zeus • Death: Zeus placed war survivors along the shores of Oceanus forever where grief couldn’t touch themand a harvest of fruit comes three times a year.

  46. Children of Zeus: mortals • Fifth generation: Race of Iron • Description: Greedy, unjust, fraudulent. Always busy trying to acquire new wealth. • Tore into the earth to mine its riches. Traveled to other lands to conquer and gain wealth. • These activities resulted in wars. • This was Hesiod’s own generation, to whom he wrote the poetry of the gods to warn them to turn back to the gods to avoid destruction.

  47. sources Images: • http://www.maicar.com/GML/Chaos.html • http://www.gods-heros-myth.com/godpages/gaea.html • http://pstevensfhs.wikispaces.com/Tartarus# • http://www.illusionsgallery.com/Eros.html • http://lucastamos.webs.com/lesson1.htm • http://www.theoi.com/greek-mythology/rustic-gods.html • http://www.theoi.com/Protogenos/Pontos.html • http://daegames.blogspot.com/ • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Redon.cyclops.jpg • http://www.tucsonsentinel.com/arts/report/041010_titans/clash-titans-film-crash-and-burn/ • http://www.google.com/imgres • http://mythologeek.wordpress.com/2011/02/01/the-dingo-didnt-eat-my-baby-you-did-greek-origin-myth/ • http://www.showiphonewallpapers.com/iphonewallpaperslist_12174.htm • http://www.polyvore.com/aphrodite_born_from_ocean_foam/set?id=50908148 • http://paleothea.com/Goddesses.html • http://www.theoi.com/Gigante/Gigantes.html • http://trumpetministries.net/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/prophecy.jpg • http://greeklegends.wikia.com/wiki/Titan

  48. sources Images Continued: • http://www.olympic-grill.com/olympus.php • http://tellison.edublogs.org/ • http://www.zeusfather.com/zeus-father-cronus-and-his-6-son-avoiding-fate-doesnt-have-a-happy-ending/ • http://www.we-love-crete.com/zeus-cave.html • http://greekmythologywiki.wikispaces.com/Cronus • http://blogs.hcpro.com/icd-10/2012/09/whats-in-that-cup/ • http://thunderbolt-guides.blogspot.com/2011/06/zeus-lightning-bolt.html • http://www.giantbomb.com/trident/93-1414 • http://www.onrpg.com/MMO/Realm-of-the-Titans/review/Realm-of-the-Titans---Rough-Edged-and-Wild • http://mythological-legends.blogspot.com/2010/05/titanomachy.html • http://www.thehillishome.com/2011/01/first-bite-the-atlas-room/ • http://secretaryofinnovation.com/2011/02/03/super-bowl-xlv-which-half-of-you-are-going-to-eat-your-hats/ • http://www.coolchaser.com/graphics/tag/hera • http://poximyfovoc.comule.com/battle-of-mount-olympus.php Pronunciations: http://www.pantheon.org/miscellaneous/pronunciations.html Reference: Rosenberg, Donna. World Mythology. Chicago: 1986.

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