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Kennedy –Johnson Years

Kennedy –Johnson Years. Kennedy-Nixon Debate – September 26, 1960. 1 st televised debate. Forever changed the role of TV in politics. Kennedy was tan. Nixon had just be in the hospital with a knee injury (looked drained) Kennedy = dark suit Nixon = gray suit.

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Kennedy –Johnson Years

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  1. Kennedy –Johnson Years

  2. Kennedy-Nixon Debate – September 26, 1960 1st televised debate Forever changed the role of TV in politics Kennedy was tan. Nixon had just be in the hospital with a knee injury (looked drained) Kennedy = dark suit Nixon = gray suit Click the picture for a video…

  3. Election of 1960 • Kennedy – Massachusetts Democrat • “Get America Moving Again” • Nixon – VP under Eisenhower • Click on picture for Kennedy campaign song.

  4. Kennedy’s New Frontier Kennedy’s proposals to improve the economy, give aid to the poor, and breathe new life into the space program

  5. New Frontier Proposed cutting taxes Kennedy wanted a $13.5 billion cut in taxes over 3 years to stimulate the economy. Kennedy thought that more money in people’s pockets would lead to spending. Stuck in Congress

  6. Poverty & other domestic issues Michael Harrington – The Other America 1/5 of population believe the poverty line Raised the Minimum Wage Housing Act of 1961 – gave $4.9 billion for urban renewal 24th amendment – ended the poll tax

  7. Space Program • US - Mercury program – 1959 – 7 pilots chosen to place manned spacecraft in orbit • April 1961 – Yuri Gagarin – 1st human in space and circled earth (USSR) • USSR beats the US.

  8. November 22, 1963 • Assassination… • To Dallas, Texas to mobilize support for upcoming election • JFK, Jackie Kennedy, Governor John Connally, & wife

  9. Abraham Zapruder videoed the assassination on his video recorder.

  10. Lyndon B. Johnson sworn in on Air Force One • With JFK’s body on board, LBJ was sworn in by Judge Sarah Hughes before take- off • Click on the picture to hear the telephone call from LBJ to Rose Kennedy from Air Force One

  11. Click above for arrival footage at Andrews Air Force base

  12. Lone Assassin • Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested for the murder of JFK. • He worked at the Texas School Book Depository. From the 6th floor window, he shot JFK. • Conspiracy theories have developed over the years that there were multiple gunmen. • Some think the CIA was involved, while others believe it was the mafia. • Oswald was shot days later by Jack Ruby.

  13. Warren Commission Chief Justice Earl Warren was put in charge of a commission to investigate the assassination. Found that Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone. Promoted the magic bullet theory that a single bullet went through Governor Connally to JFK.

  14. Election of 1964 • LBJ beat Barry Goldwater in 1964. • Goldwater was an ultra-conservative who promoted the use of nuclear power. • Click on the picture for an LBJ television commercial.

  15. Johnson’s Great Society • Kennedy Tax Cut • Unemployment fell • Inflation was ok • Elementary and Secondary Education Act $1.3 billion • Immigration Act of 1965 – eliminated quotas (from the 1920s) and replaced with more flexible limits • Family of US citizens were exempt including refugees

  16. War on Poverty • Economic Opportunity Act – to help with illiteracy and unemployment • $950 million • Volunteers in Service to America (VISTA) • Sent volunteers to poor communities

  17. Medicare and Medicaid Medicare – hospital and low cost medical insurance to people 65 and up Medicaid – low cost health insurance for poor Americans

  18. Important Supreme Court Rulings • Mapp v. Ohio 1961 – evidence seized illegally cannot be used at trial • Gideon v. Wainwright 1963 – accused are entitled to a lawyer and one will be provided • Miranda v. Arizona 1966 – suspects must be warned of rights before questioning • Baker v. Carr 1962 – 1 person 1 vote (deals with congressional district apportionment)

  19. Foreign Policy in the Early 1960s 3 Kennedy Crises… Bay of Pigs Invasion (April 1961) Berlin Crisis (August 1961) Cuban Missile Crisis (October 1962)

  20. Bay of Pigs Invasion • 1959 – Fidel Castro took over Cuba (Communist) • US broke diplomatic relations with Cuba • Cuba had ties to the USSR1960 – Eisenhower had approved a CIA plan to train anti-Castro Cubans to attack Cuba • April 17, 1961 – total disaster • Air strike failed to knock out Cuban air power • Kennedy refused to use US planes for air cover • No back up for the 1500 Cubans • Wrong to overthrow a legitimate leader

  21. Berlin Crisis • Divisions in Germany were to be temporary after WW2 • USSR wanted permanent divisions • Krushchev bullied Kennedy • Kennedy increased defense spending by $3 billion, doubled draft numbers

  22. USSR responded by building the Berlin Wall • August 1961 • Stopped the flow of East Berliners to West Berlin • Click on the picture for an awesome propaganda video about the wall!

  23. Kennedy at the Berlin Wall • Kennedy spoke at the Berlin Wall in June 1963 • US “will risk its cities to defend yours because we need your freedom to protect ours” “Ich Bin Ein Berliner” (I am a Berliner) • Click to watch the speech (It is good)

  24. Cuban Missile Crisis USSR had pledged support to Cuba On October 16, 1962 photos from a US spy plan showed that Soviets were building missile bases on Cuban soil…

  25. Cuban Missile Crisis Continued… This was a direct challenge to the US Kennedy put the military on full alert Nuclear warheads were ready US put a Naval “quarantine” around Cuba (blockade) click on video for JFK speech to America

  26. Naval Quarantine • One ship is allowed to pass with oil on October 24, 1962 • Khruschev called two other ships back • October 26 – letter to Kennedy – said would remove missiles if US stays out of Cuba • October 27 – USSR wants US to remove missiles from Turkey • We agreed to the first letter and ignored the second.

  27. Cuban Missile Crisis OVER • Hot Line was established between USSR and US after this incident • Summer 1963 – Limited Test Ban Treaty • Banned nuclear testing above ground Came closest to Nuclear War during the Missile Crisis

  28. Alliance for Progress and Peace Corp • Alliance for Progress – 1961 – vast cooperative effort to satisfy the basic needs of North, Central, and South American people for homes, work, health, land, schools (to side-track revolution) • Peace Corp – 1961 – • Volunteers abroad as educators, health workers, and technicians to help developing nations

  29. VIETNAM To prevent the spread of Communism… TO BE CONTINUED…

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