Governing a democracy of a Central European type

1. Governing a democracy of a Central European type Jacob Michalek, Joseph Hotmar 2005

2. References • www.vlada.cz • www.psp.cz • www.statnisprava.cz • Interview with Mrs Kamila Murphy

3. Description • This project aims to describe basic relations in modern democracy. To that extent was no attention paid to any particular type of a state. • Our „client“ would be in that case the whole society. • Our work is based on a standard state which consists of legislature, executive and judiciary. • Certain relations were changed so that they could be modeled more effectively.

4. Business needs 1 • There are no redundant relations – everything should be kept as simple as possible due to the extreme amount of data. • It is necessary to include these areas: • People • Property • Firms • Money transfers (and their history)

5. Business needs 2

6. Documentation – Relations • There is a lot of relations. Bounding is the following list of relations, because not all relations could be printed on the ERD. • If there is logical operator OR, it means that on the ERD it would be represented by arc. • Many relations are derived from the current world – there are many relationships between person (company or real), which are however impossible to be put into one entity.

7. Documentation – Relations 1 • each FIRM must have one or more ACCOUNT • each CITIZEN must have one or more ACCOUNT • each CAR must consist of one or more CAR PART • each FIRM may execute one or more SERVICE EXECUTION • each ACCOUNT may insert money into one or more CHANGE OF BALANCE • each FIRM may perform one or more CHANGE OF POSSESSIONS • each SCHOOL must be attended by one or more SCHOOL ATTENDANCE • each FIRM must by worked for by one or more EMPLOYMENT • each PRISONER must be imprisoned based on one or more SENTENCE OF PUNISHMENT • each CASE may contain one or more SENTENCE OF PUNISHMENT • each COURT must employ one or more JUDGE • each COURT must be located in only one TOWN • each CHANGE OF POSSETIONS may be connected with only one CHANGE OF BALANCE • each CASE may be decided by only one JURY

8. Documentation – Relations 2 • each CITIZEN must have father only one CITIZEN • each CASE must be judged by only one JUDGE • each TOWN must be located in only one SHIRE • each CITIZEN must have mother only one CITIZEN • each CAR must by owned by only one CITIZEN OR FIRM • each PRODUCT may be owned as one or more PROPERTY OF THE STATE • each FIRM may provide one or more PRODUCT • each JURY must be selected from one or more CITIZEN • each BANK must manage one or more ACCOUNT • each TYPE OF TAX may be used one or more TAX • each TYPE OF PRODUCT may be used one or more PRODUCT • each TYPE OF SERVICE may be used one or more SERVICE EXECUTION • each TYPE OF PRODUCT may be type of one or more CAR PART • each OTHER STATE INSTITUTIONS may own one or more PROPERTY OF THE STATE • each ESTATE may be inhabited by one or more CITIZEN • each CITIZEN may be employed by one or more EMPLOYMENT

9. Documentation – Relations 3 • each TOWN must consist of one or more ESTATE • each CITIZEN may be only one PRISONER • each FIRM may be only one STATE INSTITUTION • each CITIZEN may be one or more CIVIL SERVANT • each CIVIL SERVANT may be only one JUDGE • each SERVICE EXECUTION may be paid for by only one CHANGE OF BALANCE • each CHANGE OF BALANCE may require only one TAX • each ESTATE may be inhabited by one or more FIRM • each CITIZEN may start one or more CASE • each CITIZEN may have one or more SCHOOL ATTENDANCE • each CHANGE OF POSSETIONS must include only one PRODUCT OR ESTATE • each ACCOUNT may draw money from one or more CHANGE OF BALANCE • each POST may be represented by one or more CIVIL SERVANT • each STATE INSTITUTION may be under the control of only one STATE INSTITUTION

11. Kamila Murphy describes state’s needs • director of Nova skola, NGO www.novaskola.org • former director of Czech Association for Human Resources Development. www.csrlz.cz

12. Interview 1 • Is there a need for the existance of central database system at all? • It would be helpful to have a system that would hold all necessary information to make peoples life easier /taxes, applications for ID ect./ and give state clerks complex information at one place. I am a bit sceptical about state holding to much information about individuals, there is a chance that personal information could be leaked or misused. • What would be the benefits for employers and employees if they had all state-related agenda accessable on the internet? • I do not think that employers need all the information, it would be useful if agenda for social security insurance, taxes and so on would be accesible on the internet, and it is partially now. It would save a lot of time. • Lately our organisation did a research about education and programmes in schools and we had to call different offices to get proper information due to divided competencies.

13. Is it possible to keep information about persons anad their property, firms, court cases etc. in a database, although under the condition of limited view only? I am sure that it is possible technically but I am not sure if that information would not be abused, those cases are very common and they are happening under the cover of national safety threats. Are there any disadvantages of having everything stored in a computer? There are many disadventages of computers – their development and compatibility, access, electricity ect. Five years ago floppy disks were the biggest hit, nowadays there are computers that do not support their use because there are different media, the same thing is happening to CD being replaced by flash memories. What would be the impact on judiciary and the duration of court cases? I can not judge this, I asume that the processes would speed up and work would be more efficient. Name 3 key parts of the system, which would be the most useful for you in person. Tax, social security and information from various offices in relation to my job. Interview 2

14. Interview 3 • Would you prefer a centralised database system where everything would be stored in one database running on several servers with unified interface rather than many different smaller servers? • I can not judge this. My only comment is the speed of the system. • According to you, as a consumer, would it be beneficial to have information about each product stored in a database? • I use internet to search information about products, I think it is not realistic to have information about products in a state database – it would be too expensive and not effective and dangerous. Business and state databases should be separated. • Would it be positive to have information about cars stored in a database? • Yes • What are the constraints of database in the service of the state? • I have a very good experience with the database on www.statnisprava.cz. Unfortunately it has a limited access for free. It gives very detailed information about villages and cities in the Czech Republic. • I see the main difficulties in inconsistencies in informations that would be shared. It would need a tremendous effort from all people working on it.

15. Additional Documentation