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A movement 3 Nov 2, 2012 – Day 27

A movement 3 Nov 2, 2012 – Day 27. Introduction to Syntax ANTH 3590/7590 Harry Howard Tulane University. Course management. http://www.tulane.edu/~howard/ANTH3590/ We need to spend our $150 from the Provost ’ s Undergraduate Activities Fund. A-MOVEMENT. Radford §6. REVIEW.

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A movement 3 Nov 2, 2012 – Day 27

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  1. A movement 3Nov 2, 2012 – Day 27 Introduction to Syntax ANTH 3590/7590 Harry Howard Tulane University

  2. Course management • http://www.tulane.edu/~howard/ANTH3590/ • We need to spend our $150 from the Provost’s Undergraduate Activities Fund. ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

  3. A-MOVEMENT ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane Radford §6

  4. REVIEW ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

  5. First piece of evidence: A VP-internal subject in Belfast English there clauses (6.4) CP C ø TP PRN there T’ T should VP ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane QP some students V' V get QP ø distinctions

  6. Second piece of evidence: Subject idiomscan be inserted as a unit into VP (6.12) CP C ø TP T’ QP all hell T will VP ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane QP all hell V' ---------- V break AP loose

  7. Third piece of evidence: Negation has scope over a VP-internal subject CP C ø TP T’ QP everyone T did NegP ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane n’t Neg' VP Neg ø QP everyone V' V finish DetP the assignment -----------

  8. Thematic role assignment becomes local (within VP) CP C ø TP T’ DP the police T will VP ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane V assigns agent to its external or second-merged argument DP the police V' V assigns theme to its internal or first-merged argument V arrest DP the suspect ------------

  9. Unergative intransitive verbs have AGENT subjects CP C ø TP T’ DP the police T will VP ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane V assigns agent to its external or second-merged argument DP the police V' V complain ------------

  10. Unaccusative intransitive verbs have THEME subjects CP C ø TP T’ QP several complications T could VP ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane V arise QP several complications V assigns THEME to its internal argument ------------ -----------------

  11. PASSIVE AS UNACCUSATIVE (49) CP C ø TP QP several cases T’ ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane T were VP V assigns THEME to its internal argument V reported QP several cases --------------------

  12. PASSIVE WITH THERE AS UNACCUSATIVE (48) CP C ø TP PRN there T’ ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane T were VP V assigns THEME to its internal argument V reported QP several cases

  13. PASSIVE PREDICATESAdditional evidence for the unaccusative analysis of the passive ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane Radford §6.6

  14. Discontinuous spellout of the passive subject • No evidence of any corruption was found. • = no evidence of any corruption was found no evidence of any corruption • No evidence was found of any corruption. (50) • = no evidence was found no evidence of any corruption QP no evidence CP ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane C ø TP V assigns THEME to its internal argument T’ ---------------- T was VP V found QP no evidence of any corruption

  15. Object idioms (inserted into V’) 51b) Little heed was paid to what he said. 52b) Due homage was paid to General Ghouly. 53b) Close tabs were kept on the CIA by the FBI. CP QP much headway ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane C ø TP T’ V assigns THEME to its internal argument ------------------ T was VP V made QP much headway

  16. UTAH • Uniform Theta Assignment Hypothesis • Constituents which fulfill the same thematic role with respect to a given predicate occupy the same initial position in the syntax. (55) ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

  17. LONG-DISTANCE PASSIVIZATION ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane Radford §5.6

  18. Inductive introduction • Some data 56a) There are alleged to have been stolen a number of portraits of the Queen. 56b) A number of portraits of the Queen are alleged to have been stolen. 57a) There are believed to have occurred several riots. 57b) Several riots are believed to have occurred. • What was our hypothesis about infinitival complements to believe? • They are TPs, not CPs (ECM) ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

  19. LONG-DISTANCE THERE (59) CP C ø TP T’ T are VP V believed TP ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane PRN there PRN there T’ V assigns THEME to its internal argument T to AuxP Aux have VP ---------- V occurred QP several riots

  20. LONG-DISTANCE PASSIVIZATION (60) CP C ø TP T’ QP several riots QP several riots T are VP V believed TP ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane T’ V assigns THEME to its internal argument T to AuxP -------------------- -------------------- Aux have VP V occurred QP several riots

  21. RAISING ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane Radford §6.8

  22. Inductive introduction • The following sentences reorganize Radford’s data into the gradual reduction of a subordinate CP to a TP, then to a passive TP with expletive there, then to a passive TP without there: • It may appear that they have made remarkably little progress on disarmament. • They may appear to have made remarkably little progress on disarmament. • There may appear to have been made remarkably little progress on disarmament. (cf. 67a) • Remarkably little progress on disarmament mayappear to have been made. (cf. 67b) ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

  23. Subordinate CP CP C ø TP PRN it T’ T may VP V appear CP C that TP ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane PRN they T’ V assigns THEME to its internal argument T Af AuxP Aux have VP V assigns AGENT to its external argument ------- PRN they V’ V made QP little progress on disarmament

  24. Subordinate TP with raising of AGENT, first draft CP C ø TP T’ T may VP V appear TP ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane PRN they PRN they T’ V assigns THEME to its internal argument T to AuxP Aux have VP V assigns AGENT to its external argument ------- PRN they V’ ------- V made QP little progress on disarmament

  25. Passive subordinate TP with raising of expletive there CP C ø TP T’ T may VP V appear TP PRN there T’ ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane PRN there V assigns THEME to its internal argument T to AuxP Aux have AuxP Aux been VP ------- V made QP little progress on disarmament

  26. Passive subordinate TP with raising of THEME, cf. (71) CP C ø TP T’ T may VP V appear TP T’ ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane QP little progress on disarmament QP little progress on disarmament V assigns THEME to its internal argument T to AuxP Aux have AuxP Aux been VP -------------------------------------------- V made QP little progress on disarmament --------------------------------------------

  27. More data • Raising of expletive there 66a) There does seem to remain some hope of peace. 66b) Some hope of peace does seem to remain. 67a) There does appear to have been made remarkably little progress on disarmament. 67b) Remarkably little progress on disarmament appears to have been made. • CP vs. raising 68a) It would seem that Senator Slime has been lying to Congress. 68b) Senator Slime would seem to have been lying to Congress. 69a) It would appear that they have underestimated her. 69b) They would appear to have underestimated her. ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

  28. Comparing raising and control predicates ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane Radford §6.9

  29. Control vs. raising predicates • Don’t these two sentences look similar? 72b) He does want to scare them. 72a) He does seem to scare them. • Four ways in which they are different. • Expletive there subjects: 84b) *There wanted to remain several unsolved mysteries. 84b) There seem to remain several unsolved mysteries. cf other examples (54-7) p. 223 • Subject idioms: 85a) ??Whenever they meet, all hell wants to break loose. 85a) Whenever they meet, all hell seems to break loose. • Synonymy under long-distance passivization: 87b) Mary wants to be helped by John. 87a) ≉ John wants to help Mary. 86b) Mary seems to have been helped by John. 86a) ≈ John seems to have helped Mary. • Restrictions on subject: 88) My {cat/!gesture} wants to be appreciated. 89) My {cat/gesture} seems to be appreciated. ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

  30. Summary of the differencesNote that control is ‘normal’ ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

  31. EXPLANATION • A control predicate like want assigns EXPERIENCER to its specifier/external argument and THEME to its complement/internal argument. If clausal, the complement is CP. • A raising predicate like seem assigns no theta role to its specifier/external argument and takes a TP complement/internal argument. ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

  32. Control verb want (78) CP TP C ø T’ T does VP PRN he V' V want CP PRN PRO ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane PRN he C ø TP V assigns AGENT to its specifier V assigns EXPERIENCER to its specifier V assigns THEME to its complement T’ V assigns THEME to its CP complement ----- T to VP ----- PRN PRO V' V scare PRN them

  33. Raising verb seem (73) CP C ø TP T’ T does VP V seem TP PRN he ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane PRN he V assigns AGENT to its specifier T’ V assigns THEME to its complement V assigns THEME to its TP complement? T to VP ----- PRN he V' ----- V scare PRN them

  34. SUMMARY ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane Radford §6.10

  35. The conditions • Theta/θ criterion • Predicate-internal theta-marking hypothesis • Constraint on extraction domains • Only complements allow material to be extracted from them (not specifiers or adjuncts). • Uniform theta marking hypothesis • Attract closest condition • Relativized minimality condition ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

  36. NEXT TIME ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane Q8 Exercises 6.1-2

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