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Fuego Core Middleware for Mobile Wireless Internet

This presentation provides an overview of the Fuego Core Middleware, its architecture, research topics, and publications. The middleware aims to enable mobile applications in future mobile environments by providing fundamental enabling services. It covers areas such as adaptive applications, mobile distributed information base, reconfigurable services, mobility, multi-homing, and cryptographic host identification. The presentation also discusses achievements, standardization efforts, and ongoing activities.

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Fuego Core Middleware for Mobile Wireless Internet

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  1. Fuego CoreMiddleware for Mobile Wireless Internet 02.06.2004 Sasu Tarkoma, Jaakko Kangasharju, Miika Komu, Mika Kousa, Tancred Lindholm, Mikko Mäkelä, Marko Saaresto, Kristian Slavov, Thalainayar Ramya, Kimmo Raatikainen

  2. Presentation Outline • Fuego Core • Overview • Architecture • Research topics • Publications • Theses

  3. Background • Middleware is a set of generic services above the operating system and the transport stack • Mobile and wireless environments have different requirements than desktop systems • User mobility, terminal mobility, connectivity, device characteristics, dynamic environments • Vision: A service application is distributed among various application servers, network elements and terminals • Three year Tekes project (2002-2004) • Industrial partners: Nokia, TeliaSonera, Elisa, Ericsson, Creanor • Open source software

  4. Synchronization Presence Distributed Events XML Protocol Host Identity Protocol Fuego Core in Nutshell • to specify the set of fundamental enabling middleware services for mobile applications on future mobile environments • to implement two research prototypes • to participate in relevant standardizing forums • W3C, IETF, OMG, OMA • Work areas: • Adaptive Applications, • Mobile Distributed Information Base, • Reconfigurable Services, • Mobility, Multi-homing, and Cryptographic Host Identification

  5. Achievements • three state-of-the-art reports • two status reports of middleware standardization • coherent architecture • specification and implementation of • mobile distributed event service • efficient SOAP/XML messaging over wireless • mobile file system with intelligent synchronization • mobile presence service • Open Source Implementation of Host Identity Protocol • Initial studies on SIP • Standardization efforts • W3C (XML Binary Characterization Working Group) • IETF (Host Identity Protocol) • 10 publications, 3 M.Sc. Thesis completed

  6. Activities in 2004 • Demonstration of the first service set was held for partners on 10.10.2003 • A public demonstration will be held during November 2004 • Currently specifying the second service set • Implementation and experimentation during the Fall

  7. Resources • Project leader: Professor Kimmo Raatikainen • Project manager: Sasu Tarkoma (Events) • 8 researchers and M.Sc/Ph.D students • Jaakko Kangasharju (SOAP) • Miika Komu (HIP) • Mika Kousa (HIP) • Tancred Lindholm (Synchronization) • Mikko Mäkelä (context) • Marko Saaresto (Presence) • Kristian Slavov (HIP) • Ramya Thalainayar (SIP events)

  8. Ubiquitous and Pervasive software Mobile Services Mobile Applications Presence Service Presence Client Sync. File System Event Service Filter Service Sync.File system Event Bus Servlets Apache Axis Filter Service Jetty Jetty Wireless SOAP/SOAP Wireless SOAP HTTP 1.1 BEEP HTTP 1.1 BEEP TCP Host Identity Protocol (HIP) IP Mobile Clients Distributed Servers

  9. Event-based Systems • Event-based systems are a good candidate for mobile and wireless environments • asynchronous, anonymous one-to-many communication • expressive semantics with filters (content-based routing) • Filters define what information is produced (advertised), and required (subscribed) • Research challenges and solutions • How to cope with mobile users? • Sessions, event channels, handover protocol • How to manage large numbers of filters? • Covering relations, filter merging • How to support context-aware operation? • Fast subscriptions, expressive last-hop pull/push

  10. Architecture 1. Access server handover Event Domain C Event Domain A AC AC AC AC AC Ch1 AC Ch1 GW GW L&LB L&LB AC AC Federation protocol 2. Handover between domains GW L&LB AC Ch1 AC Ch2 AC AC 3. Access server handover Event Domain B

  11. SOAP: Efficient XML Serialization • How can XML Protocol (SOAP) be used in wireless communication? • Main problems with SOAP: • XML verbose so bandwidth-heavy, • HTTP and underlying TCP bad in high-latency networks • Use binary tokens instead of strings to improve both document size and processing time • Discover tokenizable strings dynamically from a message stream (possible also to pre-define tokens) • Encode primitive data in binary instead of stringified form • Strip out items deducible from a syntax description (e.g. XML Schema)

  12. SOAP Protocol Binding • Protocol for one-way full-duplex messaging; message correlation at a higher level • Bundling of multiple logical connections to a single physical connection, and multiple application messages to a single protocol message • Persistent connections, even across terminal mobility • Measurement of and application access to connection characteristics (e.g. round-trip time)

  13. Syxaw: a Mobile XML-aware File System • Main principle: disconnected operation (like CODA) • Designed for limited bandwidth and high latency • Simple HTTP GET/POST synchronization protocol • Special support for XML files • Automatic reconciliation of XML documents • Optimized storage of XML • Ad-hoc file sharing: any device may share files to any other device • Implementation integrates with existing file system in a non-disruptive manner (NFS prototype, XFS in 2004) • Current status: it actually works!

  14. Syxaw Plans for 2004 • Migrate from NFS prototype to a “real” file system = integrate with SGI’s XFS. • Optimize usage of wireless link. • Valuable lessons from 2003 • Optimized usage of XML • Tags for referencing subtrees across documents • APIs for diff and merge of XML with tree references • Xebu binary encoding • Integration with HIP • Scale up from 100s of files to 10000s

  15. Presence: The field in general • Call for standard interoperable technologies • Promising standardization work in IETF • SIP/SIMPLE for augmented telecommunication services, media-streams, content based filtering • Jabber/XMPP for service integrators, stand-alone IM&P services, P2P applications • Seen in research prototypes and discussion • Wider conception of 'presence', treading into user context: dissemination of environment information, recognizing context • Context and presence awareness in applications • Richer messaging: audio, graphics, translation

  16. Presence: Fuego Core service set II • Enhance and evolve the capabilities of the first prototype • Redesigned API and J2ME implementation • Less stateful operation without a dedicated server • Many-to-many multicast of presence state changes helps avoid bottlenecks • Introducing a messaging service • No dedicated server • View messages once on multiple terminals • Threaded chat sessions • Mobility with session transfer and buffering • Demonstration midlet will use both services

  17. HIP in a Nutshell • HIP introduces a new cryptographic namespace and a new procotol layer between transport and network layers • HIP provides... • End-to-end authentication of hosts • Encryption of network traffic using IPsec • Mobility and multihoming support • The protocol is designed to... • Add DoS resilience by forcing the initiator do heavy calculation first • Use cryptographic endpoint identifiers to simplify address ownership issues.

  18. Location of HIP layer

  19. HIP for Linux Implemenation • History • Started as a student project at HUT • Continued in HIIT/Fuego-Core • Current developers: Mika Kousa, Kristian Slavov and Miika Komu • The implementation • Based on Linux 2.4 and 2.6 kernel • Runs entirely in the kernelspace • Userspace socket library for C and Java • Can establish HIP connections and handle limited mobility/multihoming

  20. HIP Standardization • Participation in the last five IETF meetings and mailing list discussions • Interoperability testing with Ericsson, Boeing, IndraNet and SUN • Our implementation works against all the others • Providing feedback and ideas for standardization effort • A socket API draft coming in the end of this year • Based on Miika Komu's master's thesis

  21. Other Topics in 2004 • SIP • Interworking between Fuego Events and SIP Events • Specification and implementation of a gateway • SIP and SOAP • SIP for wireless mobile terminals • Context Modeling • feasibility studies of CC/PP, UAProf, RDF, RDF Schema and OWL (OWL Lite, in particular) • Initial models of end-user systems, user preferences, and applications

  22. Publications 1/2 • Sasu Tarkoma, Mikko Laukkanen. Supporting Software Agents on Small Devices. Proceedings of the First International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems (AAMAS-2002), July 2002. Presented as Poster. Available at ACM Digital Library. • Sasu Tarkoma, Mikko Laukkanen. Facilitating Agent Messaging on PDAs. Fourth International Workshop on Mobile Agents for Telecommunication Applications (MATA-2002). Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) 2521. • Sasu Tarkoma, Mikko Laukkanen, Kimmo Raatikainen. Software Agents for Ubiquitous Computing. Book Chapter. Accepted for publication in "Learning, Coordination and Communication in Multi-Agent Systems", World Scientific. • Catharina Candolin, Janne Lundberg, Miika Komu, Mika Kousa. An Implementation of HIP for Linux. Linux Symposium 2003, Ottawa, Canada. Available at: Linux Symposium 2003 • Sasu Tarkoma. Distributed Event Dissemination for Ubiquitous Agents. Proceedings of the 10th ISPE International Conference on Concurrent Engineering (CE-2003), Madeira, Portugal. Pages 105-110.

  23. Publications 2/2 • Sasu Tarkoma, Jaakko Kangasharju, Kimmo Raatikainen. Client Mobility in Rendezvous-Notify. International Workshop for Distributed Event-Based Systems (DEBS03), in conjunction with the ACM SIGMOD/PODS Conference, San Diego. Available at ACM Digital Library. • Jaakko Kangasharju, Sasu Tarkoma, Kimmo Raatikainen. Comparing SOAP Performance for Various Encodings, Protocols, and Connections. IFIP-TC6 8th International Conference, Personal Wireless Communications (PWC 2003), Venice, Italy, September 23-25, 2003. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 2775. • Sasu Tarkoma, Mikko Laukkanen. Adaptive Agent-based Service Composition for Wireless Terminals. Seventh International Workshop on Cooperative Information Agents (CIA-2003). Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence , Vol. 2782, pages 16-29. • Tancred Lindholm. XML Three-way Merge as a Reconciliation Engine for Mobile Data. Third International ACM Workshop on Data Engineering for Wireless and Mobile Access, September 19, 2003, San Diego, California (in conjunction with MobiCom 2003). Available at ACM Digital Library. • Sasu Tarkoma. Event Dissemination Service for Pervasive Computing. Accepted for presentation and publication in Pervasive 2004 Doctoral Colloquium, 18-19.4. Linz/Vienna, Austria.

  24. Theses • Koponen, Teemu, 2002. Service Discovery Solutions' Federation: A Service Broker Approach. Master of Science thesis, Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Computer Science and Engineering. • Rantanen, Matti J., 2002. A Presence Service for Ubiquitous Computing. Master of Science thesis, Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management. • Slavov, Kristian, 2004. Implementing HIP Algorithms in Linux Kernel. Master of Science thesis, Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Computer Science and Engineering.

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