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The Services-Enabled Internet: Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks

This presentation explores the implications of services-enabled networks on mobile wireless networks, including the convergence, divergence, and competition of technologies. It also discusses the unexpected evolution of the internet and how it has led to the emergence of services-enabled networks.

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The Services-Enabled Internet: Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks

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  1. S. S. 7 Sahara The Services-Enabled Internet: Implications forMobile Wireless Networks Ninja Iceberg Endeavour Randy H. Katz The United Microelectronics Corporation Distinguished Professor Computer Science Division, EECS Department University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720-1776 USA randy@cs.Berkeley.edu Some slides contributed by Prof. Eric Brewer and Dr. Steve McCanne

  2. Presentation Outline • Convergence, Divergence, Competition • The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet • Services-Enabled Networks • Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks • Summary and Conclusions

  3. Presentation Outline • Convergence, Divergence, Competition • The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet • Services-Enabled Internet • Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks • Summary and Conclusions

  4. First Color TV Broadcast, 1953 HBO Launched, 1972 Interactive TV, 1990 Telephone, 1876 Early Wireless Phones, 1978 Handheld Portable Phones, 1990 Pentium PC, 1993 Computer + Modem 1957 First PC Altair, 1974 IBM PC, 1981 Apple Mac, 1984 Apple Powerbook, 1990 IBM Thinkpad, 1992 Apple Newton, 1993 Eniac, 1947 HP Palmtop, 1991 Evolution of the Computer Red Herring, 10/99

  5. Atari Home Pong, 1972 Game Consoles Personal Digital Assistants Digital VCRs (TiVo, ReplayTV) Communicators Smart Telephones E-Toys (Furby, Aibo) Pentium PC, 1993 Network Computer, 1996 Free PC, 1999 Sega Dreamcast, 1999 Internet-enabled Smart Phones, 1999 Pentium II PC, 1997 Apple iMac, 1998 Palm VII PDA, 1999 Evolution of the Computer Proliferation of diverse end devices and access networks Red Herring, 10/99

  6. Information Appliances • Different design constraints based on intended use, enhances ease of use • Desktop PC • Mobile PC • Desktop “Smart” Phone • Mobile Telephone • Personal Digital Assistant • Set-top Box • Digital VCR • … • Implications: • Shift from computer design to consumer design • Heterogeneous “standards,” hybrid networking • Interactive networking, access on demand, QoS

  7. Presentation Outline • Convergence, Divergence, and Competition • The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet • Services-Enabled Internet • Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks • Summary and Conclusions

  8. Network “Cloud”

  9. Regional Nets + Backbone Regional Net Regional Net Regional Net Backbone Regional Net Regional Net Regional Net LAN LAN LAN

  10. Backbones + NAPs + ISPs ISP ISP ISP NAP ISP NAP Backbones Business ISP Consumer ISP Dial-up LAN LAN LAN

  11. Core Networks + Access Networks DSLAlways on Cable Head Ends @home Covad Core Networks ISP NAP Cingular NAP Satellite Fixed Wireless Sprint AOL Cell Cell Cell Dial-up LAN LAN LAN

  12. Computers Inside the Core DSLAlways on Cable Head Ends @home Covad ISP NAP Cingular NAP Satellite Fixed Wireless Sprint AOL Cell Cell Cell Dial-up LAN LAN LAN

  13. Applications (Portals, E-Commerce, E-Tainment, Media) Appl Infrastructure Services (Distribution, Caching, Searching, Hosting) AIP ISV Application-specific Servers (Streaming Media, Transformation) ASP Internet Data Centers Application-specific Overlay Networks (Multicast Tunnels, Mgmt Svrcs) ISP CLEC Internetworking (Connectivity) Global Packet Network New Internet Services Business Model

  14. Presentation Outline • Convergence, Divergence, Competition • The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet • Services-Enabled Internet • Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks • Summary and Conclusions

  15. Co-Location Scalable Servers WebCaches Services Within the Network: Content Distribution “Internet Grid” Parallel Network Backbones Internet Exchange Points

  16. Services in the Internet:Napster, Gnutella, Freenet, … • Something more than illegally sharing RIP’d music and videos from CDs and DVDs … • Cooperative construction of directories • Peer-to-peer computing vs. client-server computing • No centralized index/performance hot spot/target for denial of service attack, etc. • BUT existing “chatty” implementations generate a lot of network traffic • Technologies will evolve for efficient sharing of information within communities • E.g., Lotus Notes, newsgroups, etc. • Linking library catalogs together

  17. Content Distribution Through MulticastOverlay Network Content Broadcast Network Edge Servers Load Balancing Thru Server Redirection; Content Broadcast Management Platform and Tools RedirectionFabric Inter-ISP Redirection Peering Services Within the Network:Streaming Media Broadcasters Clients Steve McCanne

  18. multicast cloud multicast cloud multicast cloud multicast cloud multicast cloud Enabled by Application-Specific Overlay Networks E.g., solve the multicast management and peering problems by moving up the protocol stack Isolated multicast clouds Traditional unicast peering Steve McCanne

  19. Application-Level Servers/Routers Solve the multicast management and peering problems by moving up the protocol stack Steve McCanne

  20. Presentation Outline • Convergence, Divergence, Competition • The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet • Services-Enabled Internet • Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks • Summary and Conclusions

  21. The iMode Story • 21 million+ Internet-capable cellular phone subscribers • NTTDoCoMo has become the world’s largest ISP! • Most frequent used applications: • Voice conversations • Text messages • Animated cartoons • Specialized ringing tones • Japanese teenagers, especially females, driving the competitive development of new services! • Services have the half-life of “fashion”

  22. Huge Expense of New Telecomms Infrastructures • Auctions for 3G spectrum: 150 billion ECU;Capital outlays may match spectrum expenses, all before first revenue • Build it, but will they come? • Compelling services make the difference • Alternative business model • Collaborative deployment of wireless infrastructure • Competitive provisioning of services • Better way to build a network? … • Partition frequencies based on subscriber density • Eliminate duplicate antenna sites • Leverage common backhaul networks

  23. Business Unusual: Coopetition Virtual Operator “leases” frequencies from a Real Operator, on-demand, based on the density of its subscribers Subscriber-Less Cell Site Operators Access Network Access Network Backhaul Network Backhaul Network PSTN Network Internet

  24. The Case for Horizontal Architectures “The new rules for success will be to provide one part of the puzzle and to cooperate with other suppliers to create the complete solutions that customers require. ... [V]ertical integration breaks down when innovation speeds up. The big telecoms firms that will win back investor confidence soonest will be those with the courage to rip apart their monolithic structure along functional layers, to swap size for speed and to embrace rather than fear disruptive technologies.” The Economist Magazine, 16 December 2000

  25. Application Services in the Mobile Wireless Network • Enabling more user-centered/adaptive apps • User preference management services • Application coordination services • Context-awareness services • Content-localization services • Mobility-model extraction services • Content adaptation to access network performance • Content adaptation to access client capabilities • Storage migration in response to user mobility • Special about mobile wireless? • Exploitation of location and mobility • Resource constrained nature of wireless environment

  26. Infrastructure Services in the Mobile Wireless Network • Forming dynamic confederations • Discovering confederates, establishing trust • Open service/resource allocation model • Service creation, establishment, placement; • Exchange resources, capabilities, status; • Allocate based on economic methods; • Manage trust among participants; • Service brokering • Dynamically construct overlays on component services provided by underlying service providers • Redirect to alternative service instances

  27. A New Kind ofServices-Enabled Internet • Push services towards edges: caches, content distribution, localization • Construct service networks from third parties or confederations: greater support among mobile operators than conventional ISPs • Manage redirection, not routes: key to service-level peering • New applications-specific protocols • Twilight of the end-to-end argument? • Trusted service providers/network intermediaries • Service providers create own application-specific overlays, e.g., cache and streaming media content distribution

  28. The Case for Edge Services • Wide-area bandwidth “unlimited and for free” • Increasing b/w over access networks • Faster, more predictable response time • Scale, resistance to crippling denial of service attacks • Integrate localized content, exploit local context • Near client, inside access provider, not server • Examples: • Caching: exploits response time, b/w efficiency, high local b/w • Filtering: form of local content transformation • Internet TV: b/w efficiency, high local b/w, predictable response • Transformation: adapt content for end user/diverse access devices • Software Rental: exploits high local b/w • Games, chat rooms, ….

  29. Presentation Outline • Convergence, Divergence, Competition • The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet • Services-Enabled Internet • Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks • Summary and Conclusions

  30. The Service-Enabled Internet/ Post-PC Era • Not about specific Information Appliances • Services spanning access networks, to achieve high performance/manage end device diversity • Builds on the New Internet • Opening up of the connectivity “cloud” • Embedding computing in the communications fabric • Pervasive support for “intelligent” services • Near you for faster access, more personalized, more localized • Scalable to deal with surges in demand as needed

  31. Emerging Reference Architecture Distributed Application Constraint Specification Marshal Resources Based on Economic Constraints Adapt Service Redirection Service Registration Service Placement Service Pricing Service Path Broker Server Broker Perf Measurement Service Server Registration Advertisement Registration Verify SLAs Path Provider (ISP Cloud) Path Provider (ISP Cloud) Path Provider (ISP Cloud) Path Provider (ISP Cloud) Path Provider (ISP Cloud) Server Center Provider

  32. A New Research Agenda • New Kind of “Quality of Service” • Perceived quality depends on services in the network • Manage caches, redistributors, latency • Cost/complexity of Service Management? • Bandwidth no longer an issue • Tier 1 ISP backbones rapidly moving towards OC 192 (9.6 gbs!) • Better interconnection: hops across ASs decreasing over time • Broadband access networks: cable, DSL, 3G wireless, ... • End-to-end latency/server load dominate performance • Supporting Old Services in the New Internet • Overlay services: IP Multicast, DNS, … • Rethinking the End-to-End Principle • Service/content-level peering, just like routing-level peering • Secure end-to-end connection compatible with service model?

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