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Romanticism

Romanticism. AP European History Ms. Tully Ch. 21/Unit 3. What is Romanticism ?. Cultural and artistic movement of the 19 th C Revolt against 18 th C Enlightenment & Classicism Emotion over reason! Emphasis on intuition, feeling, emotion, and imagination as ways of knowing

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Romanticism

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  1. Romanticism AP European History Ms. Tully Ch. 21/Unit 3

  2. What is Romanticism? • Cultural and artistic movement of the 19th C • Revolt against 18th C Enlightenment & Classicism • Emotion over reason! • Emphasis on intuition, feeling, emotion, and imagination as ways of knowing • Began in 1790s, peaked in 1820s • Mostly in Northern Europe, especially in Britain and Germany • Glorification of the artist as GENIUS

  3. Characteristics of Romanticism • Individualism • Individuals have unique, endless potential • Self-realization comes through art • Romantics often had dramatic, emotional lives - Bohemian

  4. Characteristics of Romanticism • The Romantic Hero – sentiment and individualism • Solitary hero who was ready to defy the world and sacrifice his life for a great cause • Lord Byron

  5. Characteristics of Romanticism • Glorification of Nature • Rejection of industrialization & middle-class values • Viewed nature as awesome, powerful, tempestuous, spiritual • Pantheism – identifying great force in nature with God • Desire to return to country/farm life

  6. Characteristics of Romanticism • Interest/portrayal of the exotic, the occult, and the macabre • Witches, ghosts, demons, pagan mythology • Fascination with dreams & the unknown • Edgar Allen Poe

  7. Characteristics of Romanticism • Fascination with History • Grimm Brothers & Hans Christian Anderson – preserved German/Danish fairy tales • Revival of medieval Gothic architecture – idealized Middle Ages • Historical studies promoted the growth of national aspirations

  8. Characteristics of Romanticism • Nationalism • Synthesis of history & emotional intensity • Reaction to revolutions and upheavals

  9. Poetry • Best embodiment of artistic characteristics of Romanticism • Flourished in Britain • William Wordsworth • Samuel Taylor Coleridge • Lord Byron • Percy Bysshe Shelley • John Keats • William Blake

  10. “Daffodils” I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high o’er vales and hills When all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze

  11. “Ode to Melancholy” No, no, go not to Lethe, neither twist     Wolf's-bane, tight-rooted, for its poisonous wine; Nor suffer thy pale forehead to be kiss'd    By nightshade, ruby grape of Proserpine; Make not your rosary of yew-berries,     Nor let the beetle, nor the death-moth be         Your mournful Psyche, nor the downy owl A partner in your sorrow's mysteries;     For shade to shade will come too drowsily,         And drown the wakeful anguish of the soul.

  12. Literature – The Great Age of the Novel • The Gothic Novel • Jane Eyre – Charlotte Bronte (1847) • Wuthering Heights – Emily Bronte (1847)

  13. Literature – The Great Age of the Novel • The Historical Novel • Ivanhoe – Sir Walter Scott (1819) • The Hunchback of Notre Dame – Victor Hugo (1831) • Les Miserables– Victor Hugo (1862) • The Three Musketeers – Alexander Dumas (1844)

  14. Literature – The Great Age of the Novel • The Science-Fiction Novel • Frankenstein - Mary Shelley (1817) • Dracula – Bramm Stoker (1897)

  15. Romanticism in Art • Eugene Delacroix (1798-1863) • French • Dramatic, colorful, exotic paintings • Considered greatest Romantic painter

  16. Romanticism in Art • Caspar David Friedrich (1774-1840) • German • Preoccupation with God and nature – lots of landscapes

  17. Romanticism in Art • Joseph M. W. Turner (1775-1851) • English • Colorful, dramatic landscapes – demonstrate power and terror of nature

  18. Romanticism in Art • John Constable (1776-1837) • English • Gentle country landscapes

  19. Romanticism in Music • Romanticism realized most fully and permanently its goals of free expression and emotional intensity in music • Expansion to full orchestra • Glorification/fame of the musician • Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) • Contrasting themes and tones – dramatic and emotional music • “Beethoven’s music opens the flood gates of fear, of terror, of horror, of pain, and arouses that longing for the eternal which is the essence of Romanticism. He is thus a pure Romantic composer.”

  20. The Political Implications • Romanticism could reinforce the greatest themes of political liberalism or political conservatism • Contributed to growing nationalist movements • The uniqueness of cultures was emphasized

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