Unit 3: World War II

1. Unit 3: World War II Learning Targets 1 - 13

2. 1. I can define fascism. • Fasces • are a bundle of wooden sticks with an axe blade emerging from the center • an image that traditionally symbolizes summary power and jurisdiction and/or "strength through unity”

3. 1. I can define fascism. • Fascism • political philosophy based on extreme nationalism and military expansion, advocating a strong central government headed by a powerful dictator • glorifies the nation and race through aggressive show of force • stands for a centralized autocratic government headed by a dictatorial leader • severe economic and social regimentation • forcible suppression of opposition • private property interests supported by government policy • individuals exist to serve the military goals of the state

4. 1. I can define fascism. • Fascists • Benito Mussolini  Adolf Hitler 

5. 1. I can define fascism anddifferentiate between fascism and communism. fascism communism • extreme nationalism • racism (Germany) • militaristic expansion • totalitarianism • few human/civil rights • government support of private property • capitalism • anti-communism • theory: • bourgeoisie vs. proletariat struggle • results in “dictatorship of the proletariat” • state withers away • classless society emerges • practice: • totalitarianism • few human/civil rights • state ownership of property • socialism

6. 2. I can explain the events of the Holocaust. • April 4, 1933 • all “non-Aryans” removed from government jobs • 3 months after Hitler takes power • History and background • ancient civilization • biblical story • Nuremberg Laws • 1935 • stripped Jews of civil rights and property • if attempt to emigrate • forced to wear “Star of David” • over age of six

7. 2. I can explain the events of the Holocaust. • “Kristallnacht” • November 9, 1938 • “crystal night” • “night of broken glass” • Nazi “storm troopers” attacked Jewish homes, businesses, synagogues • “Jewish shop windows by the hundreds were systematically and wantonly smashed …. The main streets of the city were a positive litter of shattered plate glass.” • Jews blamed • 20,000 arrested/sent to concentration camps • “The Jews will pay a collective fine of one billion marks, 20 percent of their property.” • German official

12. 2. I can explain the events of the Holocaust. • Refugees • Nazi policy of emigration • 40,000 to France • 500 a week to Britain • 60,000 to the United States • Albert Einstein, author Thomas Mann, etc… • German foreign minister: “We all want to get rid of our Jews. The difficulty is that no country wishes to receive them.” • Anti-Semitism • competition for jobs during Great Depression • after war breaks out, fear of enemy agents • the St. Louis

13. 2. I can explain the events of the Holocaust. • Refugees • the St. Louis • 930 Jewish refugees • refused entry to Cuba, the United States and Canada • ship was forced to return to Europe.

14. 2. I can explain the events of the Holocaust. • The Final Solution • goal of disappearance of Jewry from Europe • those healthy enough to work – labor camps • the rest – extermination camps • genocide • systematic extermination of an entire group/race of people • Jews – estimated 6 million • Communists, Socialists, liberals, Gypsies, Freemasons, Jehovah’s Witnesses, homosexuals, mentally handicapped, mentally ill, the disabled, the incurably ill • Poles, Ukrainians, Russians • estimated 11 – 12 million people murdered systematically

16. 2. I can explain the events of the Holocaust. • Concentration camps • sent by truck, train • families often separated • cycle of hunger, humiliation, work • ended only with death • crowded barracks • meager meals of thin soup, scraps of bread/potato • work 7 dawn to dusk, 7 days a week • too weak to work, killed

17. 2. I can explain the events of the Holocaust. • “The brute Schmidt was our guard; he beat and kicked us if he thought we were not working fast enough. He ordered his victims to lie down and gave them 25 lashes with a whip, ordering them to count out loud. If the victim made a mistake, he was given 50 lashes…. Thirty or 40 of us were shot every day. A doctor usually prepared a daily list of the weakest men. During the lunch break they were taken to a nearby grave and shot. They were replaced the following morning by new arrivals from the transport of the day…. It was a miracle if anyone survived for five or six months in Belzec.” • Rudolf Reder

18. 2. I can explain the events of the Holocaust. • Extermination camps • 1941 – six death camps built in Poland • gas chambers • killed 6,000 per day • Auschwitz • left … right … work … die • stripped of all possessions • clothes, eyeglasses, jewelry, hair, gold fillings • led to “shower” (gas chamber) • crematoriums • grisly experiments • injected with germs, poisons, • sterilized • subject to seawater, extreme temperatures, painful torture

22. 3. I can identify the countries/areas Hitler invaded. • Rhineland • Austria • Sudetenland • Czechoslovakia • Poland • Denmark • Norway • Netherlands • Belgium • France • Great Britain • Russia

23. 3. I can identify the countries/areas Hitler invaded. • Rhineland • re-militarizes – 1938 • violation of Treaty of Versailles • Austria • Anschluss– 1938 • “union” • no resistance offered • Sudetenland • western Czechoslovakia • 800,000 German speaking people • Hitler argues “national self-determination” • leads to Munich Conference/Pact “Giant wheeling motion”

24. 3. I can identify the countries/areas Hitler invaded. • Munich Pact - 1938 • Hitler “appeased” • given Sudetenland after promise of last demand • Czechoslovakia – 1939 • invaded and seized • Britain/France “guarantee” independence of Poland – August 23, 1939 • Phony War • sitzkreig • Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact – August 25, 1939 • Poland – September 1, 1939 • invaded by “blitzkreig” • beginning of WW II

27. 3. I can identify the countries/areas Hitler invaded.

28. 4. I can describe the Munich Pact. • Munich Pact • Sudetenland - 1938 • Hitler demands area w/ 800,000 German speaking people • Munich Conference - Sept, 1938 • Neville Chamberlain (British Prime Minister) • Edouard Daladier (French President) • Adolph Hitler (German Fuhrer) • Benito Mussolini (Italian Il Duce) • Hitler declares Sudetenland will be his … • … “last territorial demand.” • Munich Pact signed • giving Sudetenland to Germany

29. 4. I can describe the Munich Pact. • “My friends … there has come back from Germany peace with honor. I believe it is peace in our time.” • Neville Chamberlain • “Britain and France had to choose between war and dishonor. They chose dishonor. They will have war.” • Winston Churchill

30. 4. I can describe the Munich Pact. • appeasement • giving in to one’s demands in the hopes they will be satisfied and make no further demands • Munich Pact • agreement to give in to Hitler’s demands • believing he would make no further demands • knowing the opposite was probably true!

31. 5. I can explain the deal Hitler made with Stalin. • Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact – August 23, 1939 • agreement not to fight each other • also to divide Poland between the U.S.S.R and Germany • a secret pact • not revealed until end of Cold War - 1991 • Germany • avoids a two-front war for Hitler • Britain & France had pledged support for Poland • Russia • avoid high casualties • as in WW I • regained land lost post WW I • Poland, Baltic States, etc… • broken by Hitler • attacked U.S.S.R on June 22, 1941,

32. 5. I can explain the deal Hitler made with Stalin. • Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact (Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression)

33. 6. I can analyze the impact of Operation Barbarossa on the war. • Operation Barbarossa • code name for Germany's invasion of the U.S.S.R during WW II • pivotal phase in deciding the victors of the war • suffered and caused a high rate of fatalities: • 95% of all German Army casualties between 1941 and 1944 • 65% of all Allied military casualties from the entire war • Germans won resounding victories • occupied important economic areas of the Soviet Union • despite these successes, the Germans were pushed back from Moscow and could never again mount a simultaneous offensive

34. 6. I can analyze the impact of Operation Barbarossa on the war. • Operation Barbarossa • most importantly: • Operation Barbarossa opened up an Eastern Front • more forces committed than any other theater of war in world history • site of some of the largest battles, deadliest atrocities, highest casualties, and most horrific conditions for Soviets and Germans alike • Germany captured 3 million Soviet POW’s • never returned alive • deliberately starved to death • Russian losses underscore attempts to control Eastern Europe post WW II (Cold War)

35. 7. I can analyze the impact of the Japanese interment camps. • Executive Order 9066 • allowed local military commanders to designate "military areas" as "exclusion zones” • from which "any or all persons may be excluded” • used to declare that all people of Japanese ancestry were excluded from the entire Pacific coast • including all of California and much of Oregon, Washington and Arizona, except for those in internment camps

36. 7. I can analyze the impact of the Japanese interment camps. • Exclusion zones:

37. 7. I can analyze the impact of the Japanese interment camps. • relocation and internment by the U.S. government • 1942 • about 110,000 Japanese Americans and Japanese • lived along the Pacific coast of the United States • to camps called “War Relocation Camps” • Nisei • 2nd generation – 80,000 • 20,000 native-born serve in military • Issei – 1st generation immigrants • lost homes, businesses, personal belongings

41. 7. I can analyze the impact of the Japanese interment camps. • Korematsu v. U.S. – 1944 • a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case concerning the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066 • upheld governments internment policy as justified in wartime • 1988 - U.S. government recognizes injustice • awards financial compensation to descendents

42. 7. I can analyze the impact of the Japanese interment camps. • In 1980, President Jimmy Carter… • Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians to investigate the camps • the commission's report, named “Personal Justice Denied,” • found little evidence of Japanese disloyalty at the time • recommended the government pay reparations to the survivors • a payment of $20,000 to each individual internment camp survivor • in 1988, U.S. government apologized for the internment and stated, … • … actions were based on “race prejudice, war hysteria, and a failure of political leadership” • U.S. government eventually awarded more than $1.6 billion in reparations to Japanese Americans who had been interned and their heirs

43. 7. I can analyze the impact of the Japanese interment camps. • destroyed the lives of over 100,000 Japanese-Americans • 80,000 US citizens • lost homes, businesses, personal belongings • endured pain of being thought different from countrymen • diminished American value of equality by … • … institutionalizing discrimination • contributed to claim of racism as … • no similar action taken toward German, Italian Americans • eventually resulted in reparation payments of … • … 1.6 billion dollars

44. 8. I can identify the themes of the U.S. World War II propaganda posters. • Propaganda • is used in accordance with psychological warfare • to demonize the enemy • to spread deliberate fabrications or exaggerations of the truth about their crimes in wartime • to help bring nations to action • to provoke public outcry

45. 8. I can identify the themes of the U.S. World War II propaganda posters.

46. 8. I can identify the themes of the U.S. World War II propaganda posters.

47. 8. I can identify the themes of the U.S. World War II propaganda posters.

48. 8. I can identify the themes of the U.S. World War II propaganda posters.

49. 8. I can identify the themes of the U.S. World War II propaganda posters.

50. 8. I can identify the themes of the U.S. World War II propaganda posters.