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Sudden Oak Death

Sudden Oak Death. and other diseases caused by Phytophthora ramorum. Current P.ramorum distribution. Forest and/or Landscape Settings: United States California - 12 counties (urban & forest) Oregon - 9 sites over~40 acres Nursery Incidents:

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Sudden Oak Death

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  1. Sudden Oak Death and other diseases caused by Phytophthora ramorum

  2. Current P.ramorum distribution • Forest and/or Landscape Settings: • United States • California - 12 counties (urban & forest) Oregon - 9 sites over~40 acres • Nursery Incidents: • United States – 125 nurseries in 17 States Canada - British Columbia • European Union – Belgium, Denmark • France, Germany • the Netherlands • Poland, Slovenia • Republic of Ireland • Spain, Sweden • United Kingdom

  3. Current U.S. Distribution

  4. Forest Survey Based on host type, climate, nursery imports

  5. Proven hosts:

  6. Other suspected hosts:

  7. Eastern species susceptible in artificial inoculation tests: • 25 species of Ericaceous ornamentals (susceptibility varied greatly) Tooley, 2002 • 6 oak species (white, red, chestnut, cherrybark, live and laurel oak)

  8. Infected plants shipped to 125 garden centers in 17 States States attempting to locate plants that have been sold Nursery Incidents Don Givens, USDA -APHIS Don Givens, USDA -APHIS INFECTED CAMELLIAS

  9. P. ramorum on Southern Red Oak in Sussex, England P. ramorum in Europe • Different mating type; more pathogenic • Hundreds of nursery incidents, sanitized • Over a dozen ornamental rhododendron & Viburnum plantings ( few > one acre) • One northern red oak in The Netherlands • One southern red oak in Sussex, England • Beech, horse chestnut, holm oak in Cornwall, all near infected rhododendron

  10. Nursery Protocol 10 meters – hold all host genera 2 meter buffer – destroy all hosts Destroy all hosts in infected block

  11. Forest and Landscape Protocol • SurveyPhytophthora ramorum outbreaks must be detected early for eradication to be effective. Early detection monitoring in areas with susceptible hosts is recommended. • Eradication Eradication measures require removal and destruction of all all host plants and associated plant species. A regulated or quarantine area will be established around the eradication zone. • Monitoring Sites being treated for P. ramorum will continue to be monitored for two years. These vegetated areas will remain under quarantine for a minimum of two years from the date of the last pathogen detection. • Restoration Take steps to stabilize soil, and to prevent off-site movement of the pathogen. Replant the site with appropriate non-host plants. Avoid planting other members of any host genera, as the host list continues to expand.

  12. FIND those plants! • Cheapest alternative Removing infected plants from landscape now will save money and ecological damage in the long run. • Cooperation States, the nursery industry, and federal agencies must form strong partnerships to achieve this goal. • Public Outreach Homeowners who have purchased Camellias, Rhododendron, Viburnum, and Lilac in the last three years should examine them to see if they look diseased.

  13. NETWORK! State Departments of Agriculture State Forestry Organizations Forest Service APHIS CSREES University Extension Garden Centers Master Gardeners Gardening Magazines Newspapers

  14. Forest Service National Plan • Monitoring & Detection • Eradication where feasible • Quarantine enforcement • (nursery stock, firewood, leaf material, soil with OM) • Forest detection survey program • Education & Outreach • Partnerships

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