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Chemistry Unit

Chemistry Unit. The Periodic Table of the Elements. Terms to know. Group or family - vertical columns of elements that share common properties and have the same number of electrons in their outermost shell

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Chemistry Unit

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  1. Chemistry Unit The Periodic Table of the Elements

  2. Terms to know • Group or family - vertical columns of elements that share common properties and have the same number of electrons in their outermost shell • Period – horizontal rows of elements where the number of the row is the highest energy level (last electron shell)

  3. More terms to know • Metal - This includes all elements in groups 1 – 12 and are broken down into 3 categories: alkali, alkaline-earth, and transition • Non-metals – Groups 13-16 are broken into 4 groups named after the element at the top of the group.

  4. Metalloid – an element that shares some properties with a metal and some of a non-metal

  5. A few more terms… • Halogens – Group 17, very reactive, poor conductors • Noble gases – Group 18, colorless, odorless gases that tend to not react with other elements

  6. And still a few more… (you should know these already!) • Mass number –the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom (the nucleus of it) • Atomic number – equal to the number of protons in an atom (in a stable atom, equal to the number of electrons, too)

  7. Alkali Metals (Group 1) • REALLY REALLYREALLY REACTIVE! • Not found in their pure form in nature • Silver colored and shiny • Low density • Soft enough to be cut with a knife • One outer level electron • Hydrogen is NOT a member, it is a non-metal • Conduct electricity

  8. Alkaline-earth metals (Group 2) • Slightly less reactive than alkali metals • Silver/white colored and malleable • Conduct electricity • More dense than alkali metals

  9. Transition Metals (Groups 3-12) • Moderate range of reactivity • Wide range of properties • Shiny • Good conductors of heat and electricity (generally) • High density • Some are used for jewelry • High melting points

  10. Lanthanides and Actinides • Transition metals that just didn’t fit in well, so they got moved to the bottom • Lanthanides are shiny and reactive • Actinides are radioactive and unstable • Elements 95-103 don’t exist in nature, but have been manufactured in the lab

  11. Halogens • ALL NON-METALS • Very reactive • Poor conductors of heat and electricity • Tend to form salts with metals (like NaCl – table salt)

  12. Noble Gases • Unreactive • Non-metal • Colorless • Odorless • Gases at room temperature • Found in the atmosphere in SMALL amounts

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