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Organic Chemistry Unit

Organic Chemistry Unit. What is Organic Chemistry?. The study of carbon-containing compounds made up of non-metal elements ( covalent bonds ). Na 2 CO 3. Organic Compound? Yes or No. No. C 2 H 6. Yes!. C 4 H 6 Br 2 F 2. Yes!. Why Carbon??. Found in all living matter

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Organic Chemistry Unit

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  1. OrganicChemistryUnit

  2. What is Organic Chemistry? The study of carbon-containing compounds made up of non-metal elements (covalent bonds)

  3. Na2CO3 Organic Compound?Yes or No No • C2H6 Yes! • C4H6Br2F2 Yes!

  4. Why Carbon?? • Found in all living matter • Found in body tissue • Found in food • Found in fuels (coal, wood, petroleum) • Found in Nature ( ranked 17th in crust)

  5. Forms of Carbon • Term = Allotrope • Same element • Different bonding pattern • Different arrangement Carbon exists in 3 solid forms Diamond Graphite Fullerene

  6. Diamond • Tetrahedrally oriented • Hardest material known • Most dense form of Carbon • High melting point • Conducts heat • Does not conduct electricity

  7. Graphite • Layers of hexagonal plates • Soft • Feels greasy • Crumbles easily • High melting point • Conducts electricity

  8. Fullerene • Discovered in mid 1980s • Found in soot • Spherical cages of carbon • Most stable is C60 • Resembles geodesic dome • C60 = Buckminsterfullerene or Buckyball

  9. Diversity of Organic Chemistry • Due to uniqueness of Carbon Can bond to itself covalently • Forms chains and rings • Term = Catenation

  10. Carbon readily bonds to : H O N S Halogens Cl, Br, F,I Hydrocarbons Simplest organic compounds Only contain Carbon and Hydrogen (CxHy) Carbon bonds to elements

  11. Formulas Written representations of a compound using letters (and sometimes numbers) Indicates • # of atoms • Types of atoms Molecular Formula Example: C8H18

  12. Structural Formula Indicates • # of atoms • Type of atoms • Bonding Arrangement

  13. Structural formulas show all bonds in compound Condensed structural formulas only show bonds between carbon atoms CH3CHCH3  CH3

  14. Compounds that have: Same molecular formula Different structure or arrangement Called ISOMERS As # of carbon atoms goes up # of isomers goes up C8  18 isomers C9  35 isomers C10  75 isomers C40  69,491,178,805,831 Arrangement of Atoms

  15. Example of Isomers Structural Isomers: same formula but atoms are bonded in a different order C4H10

  16. Geometric Isomers Order of atoms is the same but the arrangement in space is different Typically need a rigid bond (double or triple bond). Don’t see this with single bonds!

  17. Alkanes Alkenes Alkynes Aromatics Alcohols Ethers Esters Aldehydes Ketones Amines We are going to study:

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