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Define Terminology

Define Terminology. Non-native Invasive. Page 1. Target versus Non-target. Target. Non-target. Page 3. The problem with non-native invasive species…. Sam Hamilton Invasive Species are “probably the single greatest threat in our country to our native wildlife”.

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Define Terminology

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  1. Define Terminology • Non-native • Invasive Page 1

  2. Target versus Non-target Target Non-target Page 3

  3. The problem with non-native invasive species… • Sam Hamilton Invasive Species are “probably the single greatest threat in our country to our native wildlife”. • Worldwide Cost = $1.4 trillion U.S. = $138 billion • (International Congress on Bioinvasions 2009) • Economic • Ecological • Human health • Cultural

  4. Impacts: EconomicEmerald Ash Borer • Killed millions of ash trees in 14 states and 1 Canadian Provence • Quarantines and fines to prevent potentially infested ash trees, logs or hardwood firewood from moving out of areas where EAB occurs. • Cost municipalities, property owners, nursery operators and forest products industries tens of millions of dollars.

  5. Impacts: EconomicQuagga and Zebra Mussles • Clog water intakes and pipes • Damage pump • Decrease power production • Harm commercial fisheries • Damage boat engines • Increase watercraft maintenance

  6. Impacts: EcologicalKudzu • Crowds out native species • Found on over 7 million acres

  7. Impacts: EcologicalBrown Tree Snake • Species Extinctions • Increased vulnerability of native vegetation to insect pests due to the loss of avian and reptilian insectivores • Small Birds gone from Guam • Guam flycatcher (Myiagrafreycineti), • rufousfantail (Rhipidurarufifronsuraniae), • bridled white-eye (Zosterops c. conspicillatus), • Micronesian honeyeater (Myzomela rubrata saffordi).

  8. Impacts: CulturalHydrilla • One fragment can lead to introduction • Shades out competitors • Millions of dollars are spent in Florida and California on control. • Clogs water delivery canals

  9. www.chbr.noaa.gov/default.aspx?category=stres... Impacts: Human Health Lionfish and Cholera

  10. Pathways and Vectors

  11. Daily Flights, A Smaller World, Global Pathways

  12. Global Shipping Traffic • Slide showing shipping traffic

  13. Pathways of IntroductionHow do they get here: • Shipping • Captive and Cultured Organisms • Recreation • Intentional Stocking • Recreational • Environmental • Food (seafood)

  14. Pathways of Introduction/VECTORS How they are spread once there are here: • A single pathway may have many NIS vertebrates, plants, invertebrates, microbes, and others… • Non-natural resource management pathways

  15. Maintenance

  16. Ken A. Langeland, University of Florida, www.forestryimages.org • Construction

  17. Recreational Watercraft and Trailers

  18. Pathways of Introduction/VECTORS How they are spread once there are here: • A single pathway may have many NIS vertebrates, plants, invertebrates, microbes, and others… • Non-natural resource management pathways • Natural Resource Management Pathways

  19. Fire Management

  20. Water Monitoring

  21. Habitat Surveys

  22. Organism Surveys

  23. Restoration http://www.hcseg.org/x750.xml http://streamfix.com/about.php

  24. Pathways of Introduction/VECTORS How they are spread once there are here: A single pathway may have many NIS vertebrates, plants, invertebrates, microbes, and others… • Maintenance • Construction • Recreation • Fire Management • Water Monitoring • Habitat Surveys • Organism Surveys • Restoration

  25. Preventing the Spread of Invasive Species • “An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.”

  26. Multiple Pathways require multiple solutions

  27. Education and Outreach

  28. Invasive Species National Laws and Regulations • Lacey Act • Non-indigenous Aquatic Nuisance Prevention and Control Act • National Invasive Species Act • Executive Order 13112

  29. Executive Order 13112 of February 3, 1999 -- Invasive Species • a)Each Federal agency whose actions may affect the status of invasive species shall, to the extent practicable and permitted by law… • (3) not authorize, fund, or carry out actions that it believes are likely to cause or promote the introduction or spread of invasive species in the United States or elsewhere unless, pursuant to guidelines that it has prescribed, the agency has determined and made public its determination that the benefits of such actions clearly outweigh the potential harm caused by invasive species; and that all feasible and prudent measures to minimize risk of harm will be taken in conjunction with the actions.

  30. Invasive Species State Laws and Regulations • CA Code 2302

  31. What can you do… • Use Best Management Practices • General BMP’s

  32. Control Meaures • Methods: • Chemical • Drying • Freezing • Manual Removal • Water • Heat Treatment • Dedicated Equipment • Managing Field Operations

  33. What can you do… • Use Best Management Practices • General BMP’s • HACCP

  34. HACCP and Risk • Precautionary Principle • Risk Management vs. Risk Assessment

  35. “But we already have basic decontamination procedures…” HACCP : • Identifies risk of spreading invasive species and implements controls • Targets control measures for “best” opportunity • Ensures prevention is successful • Contingency plan if problem surfaces • Documentation process • Review Process

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